zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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SiO2 + 4HF → SiF4 + 2H2O<br />
(SiO2 yvela sxva mJava oqsidisagan gansxvavebiT reaqciaSi Sedis HF-<br />
Tan). es reaqcia gamoiyeneba minaze warwerebis gasakeTeblad.<br />
Warbi Txevadi HF-is moqmedebisas reaqcia grZeldeba kompleqsuri<br />
mJavas warmoqmniT:<br />
SiF4 + 2HF → H2[SiF6]<br />
H2[SiF6] _ Zlieri mJavaa (Tavisufal mdgomareobaSi gamoyofili ar<br />
aris). misi [SiF6] 2- anioni wyalxsnarSi mdgradia. am mJavis marilebi _<br />
fTorosilikatebi SiF4-is tute metalTa fToridebTan urTierTqmedebiT<br />
miiReba:<br />
SiF4 + 2KF → K2[SiF6]<br />
metalTa ftorsilikatebis miReba pir<strong>da</strong>pir SiO2-<strong>da</strong>nac SeiZleba<br />
Semdegi reaqciiT:<br />
4HF + CaF2 + SiO2 → CaSiF6 + 2H2O<br />
siliciumis tetrafToridi <strong>da</strong> fTorsilikatebi sawamlavebia!<br />
siliciumi, naxSirbadisgan gansxvavebiT, wyalbadTan uSualod ar<br />
urTierTqmedebs, magram misi naerTebi arsebobs <strong>da</strong> isini arapir<strong>da</strong>piri<br />
gziT miiRebian. maTi Sedgeniloba gamoisaxeba <strong>zogadi</strong> formuliT SinH2n+2.<br />
umartivesi silani (monosilani) SiH4 miiReba magniumis silicidze marilmJavas<br />
moqmedebiT:<br />
Mg2Si + 4HCl → 2MgCl2 + SiH4<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c Si-Si <strong>da</strong> Si-H gacilebiT sustia, vidre C-C <strong>da</strong> C-H bmebi,<br />
amitom silanebi gacilebiT reaqciisunarianebi arian naxSirwyalbadebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, bevri maTgani haerze TviTaalebadia:<br />
SiH4 + O2 → SiO2 + 2H2O<br />
siliciummJavebi <strong>da</strong> maTi marilebi. silikatebi, xsnadi mina.<br />
warmodgena silikatur warmoebaze. mWidi masalebi: siliciummJavebis<br />
<strong>zogadi</strong> formulaa nSiO2•mH2O. Tavisufal mdgomareobaSi gamoyofen<br />
metasiliciummJavas − H2SiO3.. mis marilebs silikatebi ewodeba. SiO2<br />
Sesabamisi mJava oqsidia. metasiliciummJava miiReba (stabilizatorebis<br />
Tanaobisas arsebobs zolis saxiT) xsnad silikatebze (natriumis <strong>da</strong><br />
kaliumis silikatebi) mineraluri mJavebis moqmedebiT:<br />
Na2SiO3 + 2HCl → H2SiO3↓ + 2NaCl<br />
metasiliciummJavas frTxili gaxurebiT warmoiqmneba forovani SiO2<br />
e.w. silikageli, romelic gamoiyeneba svetis <strong>da</strong> Txelfenovan qromatografiaSi.<br />
xsnad silikatebs (tute metalTa silikatebi, wyalxsnarebSi<br />
hidrolizdebian <strong>da</strong> aqvT tute reaqcia) minasTan maTi msgavsebis gamo<br />
xsnad minebs uwodeben. xsnadi silikatebi silikaturi webos <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad<br />
gamoiyeneba. es webo marTalia hidrofiluria, magram maRali<br />
TermomdgradobiT gamoirCeva, rac misi struqturiT <strong>da</strong> Si−O bmis maRali<br />
TermomdgradobiT aris ganpirobebuli. xsnadi minebi Sesabamis tuteebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> karbonatebTan siliciumis dioqsidis SelRobiT miiReba:<br />
SiO2 + 2KOH → K2SiO3 + H2O<br />
SiO2 + Na2CO3→ Na2SiO3 + CO2↑<br />
(es reaqcia safuZvlad udevs minis warmoebas)<br />
silikatebi gamoirCeva mravalferovnebiT. maT rTuli aRnagoba aqvT.<br />
rogorc SiO2 _is, ise oqsosilikatebis struqturul erTeuls<br />
warmoadgens SiO4 _is tetraedruli struqturuli rgoli, romelic sami<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formiT SeiZleba arsebobdes, rac silikatebis mravalferovnebas<br />
ganapirobebs. isini warmoqmnian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zemolekulur<br />
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