zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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tuteebi mrewvelobaSi miiReba Sesabamisi halogenidebis (mag., NaOH-is<br />
SemTxvevaSi) wyalxsnarebis eleqtroliziT an karbonatuli meTodiT:<br />
eleqtrolizi<br />
2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2<br />
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → NaOH + CaCO3↓<br />
tute metalebis (gansakuTrebiT natriumis <strong>da</strong> kaliumis) marilebs<br />
Soris gamorCeuli adgili ukavia halogenidebs, nitratebs <strong>da</strong><br />
karbonatebs (hidrokarbonatebs). halogenidebi <strong>da</strong> nitratebi bunebaSi<br />
moipoveba, kaliumis karbonats Seicavs nacari, natriumis hidrokarbonats<br />
<strong>da</strong> karbonats sinTezurad Rebuloben (ix. naxSirbadTan). natriumis<br />
karbonati warmoiqmneba agreTve natriumis peroqsidze naxSirbad(IV)<br />
oqsidis moqmedebiT:<br />
2Na2O2 + 2CO2 → 2Na2CO2 + O2<br />
am reaqcias iyeneben wyalqveSa navebSi an kosmosur safren<br />
aparatebSi Jangbadis regeneraciisaTvis.<br />
didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba kaliumis sulfats, romelsac<br />
iyeneben kaliumian sasuqad <strong>da</strong> minis warmoebaSi, agreTve karbonatebs,<br />
romelTac iyeneben minis <strong>da</strong> sapnis warmoebaSi.<br />
miReba <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba:<br />
liTiumi <strong>da</strong> natriumi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, miiReba maTi qloridebis nalRobebis<br />
eleqtroliziT:<br />
2MeCl → 2Me +Cl2<br />
tuteebis eleqtroliziT metalebis miReba nakleb efeqturia maTi<br />
wylis orTqlTan urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gamosavlianobis sagrZnobi<br />
Semcirebis gamo.<br />
kaliums Rebuloben mis gamlRval qloridze an hidroqsidze<br />
natriumis orTqlis moqmedebiT (natriumTermiuli meTodi). natriumis<br />
orTqlis simkvrivesTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT kaliumis orTqlis <strong>da</strong>bali simkvrivis<br />
gamo, gamoZevdeba kaliumi:<br />
KCl + Na → NaCl + K<br />
KOH + Na → NaOH + K<br />
rubidiumi <strong>da</strong> ceziumi aseve miiReba metalTermuli <strong>da</strong> Termuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>Slis meTodebiT.<br />
tute metalebi Li, Na <strong>da</strong> K, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, gamoiyeneba zogierT metalTan<br />
Senadnobebis saxiT, agreTve atomur reaqtorebSi Tbomatareblebad.<br />
naerTebis saxiT tute metalebs gacilebiT farTo gamoyeneba aqvT.<br />
isini gamoiyeneba mineralur sasuqad (gvarjilebi, kaliumis sulfati,<br />
kalium-azotiani sasuqebi), katalizatorebad <strong>da</strong> qimiur reagentebad<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sinTezebSi, medicinaSi (fiziologiuri xsnari – NaCl-is 0,82<br />
%-iani xsnari, KBr – nervuli <strong>da</strong>avadebebis samkurnalod <strong>da</strong> nervuli<br />
refleqsebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis <strong>da</strong>saregulareblad, sarecx (natriumis karbonati<br />
– sarecxi so<strong>da</strong>) <strong>da</strong> maTeTrebel saSualebad (perboratebi <strong>da</strong> persulfatebi),<br />
wyalbadis, qloris <strong>da</strong> natriumis tutis misaRebad (natriumis<br />
qloridis wyalxsnari), metaluri natriumis misaRebad_NaCl, minis<br />
warmoebaSi (natriumis <strong>da</strong> kaliumis karbonatebi, natriumis sulfati),<br />
sapnis warmoebaSi (kaustikuri <strong>da</strong> kalcinirebuli so<strong>da</strong>, potaSi _<br />
iyenebdnen jer kidev galebi). rubidiumis <strong>da</strong> ceziumis zogierTi naerTi<br />
gamoiyeneba medicinaSi.<br />
kompleqswarmoqmnis unari: rogorc aRvniSneT, tute metalebis<br />
kompleqswarmoqmnis unari Zalian <strong>da</strong>balia, Tumca arcTu ise didi xnis<br />
win miRebuli iqna maTi kompleqsebi specifikuri tipis ligandebTan _<br />
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