zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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NaNO2 <strong>da</strong> KNO2. azotis naerTebi azotis atomis +3 JangviTi ricxviT,<br />
amJRavneben rogorc aRmdgen, ise mJangav unars:<br />
2NaNO2 + 2 KI +2H2SO4 I2+2NO+K2SO4+Na2SO4+2H2O mJangavi<br />
2KMnO4 + 5NaNO2 +3H2SO4 2MnSO4+5NaNO3 +K2SO4 +3H2O azotovanmJavas marilebi – nitritebi miiReba:<br />
1. Na-is <strong>da</strong> K-is nitratebis <strong>da</strong>SliT:<br />
2NaNO3 2NaNO2 +O2 2. nitratebis aRdgeniT:<br />
KNO3 +Pb KNO2 +PbO<br />
3. cxel tutis xsnarSi NO <strong>da</strong> NO2-is (maRali wnevis pirobebSi)<br />
narevis gatarebiT:<br />
2NaOH + NO + NO2 2NaNO2 +H2O HNO2-is xsnari miReba nitritebis xsnaris gogirdmJaviT SemJavebiT:<br />
KNO2+H2SO4 KHSO4 +HNO2 HNO2 azotmJavaze ufro Zlieri mJangavia (erTnair pirobebSi). ganz.<br />
azotmJava KI-s ver Jangavs. igive pirobebSi, HNO2 KI-<strong>da</strong>n gamoyofs iods.<br />
HNO2-is, rogorc mJangavis, aqtiurobis mizezi aris pirvel rigSi misi<br />
Termuli aramdgradoba <strong>da</strong> azotis atomis ufro naklebi ekranirebaa Jangbadis<br />
atomebiT Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT NO3 - ionTan. NO2 - -is azoti sxva reagentebisa-<br />
Tvis ufro misawvdomia, vidre NO3 - -is ionis _ azoti.<br />
NO2 - -ions kuTxuri aRnagoba aqvs <strong>da</strong> ara xazovani, rac azotis<br />
atomze eleqtronuli wyvilis arsebobasTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. azoti<br />
aris sp 2 -hibridul mdgomareobaSi.<br />
azotmJava: mrewvelobaSi miiReba NO2-is <strong>da</strong> O2-is (minarevebisgan<br />
gasufTavebuli haeris) narevis wyalSi gaxsniT:<br />
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 laboratoriaSi azotmJavas Rebuloben myar kaliumis nitratze konc.<br />
gogirdmJavas moqmedebiT susti gacxelebis pirobebSi (azotmJavas <strong>da</strong>Slis<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis mizniT):<br />
KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3<br />
HNO3 ar gamoirCeva didi mdgradobiT, misi molekulebis <strong>nawili</strong><br />
Cveulebriv pirobebSi sinaTlezec iSleba. gamoyofili NO2 ixsneba<br />
azotmJavaSi <strong>da</strong> mas Tavis fers aZlevs:<br />
4HNO3 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 rac ufro maRalia xsnaris koncentracia <strong>da</strong> temperatura, miT ufro<br />
swrafad xdeba azotmJavas <strong>da</strong>Sla. HNO3 erT-erTi Zlieri mJavaa, wyalxsnarSi<br />
srulad aris <strong>da</strong>Slili ionebad:<br />
HNO3 → H + + NO3 -<br />
azotmJava erT-erTi Zlieri mJangavia, bevr arametals Jangavs:<br />
C + 4HNO +<br />
3 CO2 4NO2 + 2H2O<br />
S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2 H2O P + 5 HNO3 H3PO4+ 5 NO2 + H2O fosfors ganzavebuli azotmJavac Jangavs:<br />
3 P + 5HNO3 + 2H2O3H3PO4+ 5NO<br />
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