zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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Jangbadis atomebis savalento eleqtronebi<strong>da</strong>n O2-is molekulis eleqtronuli<br />
konfiguraciis warmoqmnis sqema aseTia:<br />
O[1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 ]+O[1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 ] →O2[KK(σs) 2 (σ * s) 2 (σz) 2 (πx) 2 (πy) 2 (π * x) 1 (π * y) 1 ]<br />
rogorc naxazi<strong>da</strong>n (3) Cans, Jangbadis molekulaSi sami wyvili eleqtroni<br />
[(σz) 2 , (πx) 2 , (πy) 2 ] ganlagebulia sam makavSirebel orbitalze, gamTiSav<br />
orbitalebze ki ori gauwyvilebeli eleqtronia. O2-is molekulis<br />
amgvari aRnagoba kargad xsnis Txevad (kondensirebul) mdgomareobaSi mis<br />
paramagnitur Tvisebas. O2-Si bmis rigi oris tolia. e.i. Jangbadis<br />
molekulaSi bma ormagi bunebisaa: lO=O = 0,121 nm, ris gamoc Jangbadis<br />
molekulaSi birTvebs Soris manZili naklebia Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Sesabamisi<br />
martivi (erTmagi) bmis sigrZeze (0.148 nm), amitom O2-is molekula sakmaod<br />
mdgradia, rasac a<strong>da</strong>sturebs misi atomebad disociaciis energiis maRali<br />
mniSvneloba (495,15 kj/moli). e.i. molekulis Termodinamikuri maxasiaTeblebi<br />
eTanadeba mis struqturas. am mizeziT aixsneba molekuluri<br />
Jangbadis <strong>da</strong>bali <strong>qimiuri</strong> aqtiuroba im qimiur reaqciebSi, rodesac<br />
adgili aqvs misi molekulis atomizacias. amitom, aseTi reaqciebi maRal<br />
temperaturaze gacxelebiT <strong>da</strong> katalizatorebis monawileobiT mimdinareobs.<br />
molekuluri Jangbadis kovalenturi bunebis gamo (naklebad polarizebadia)<br />
molekulaTaSorisi urTierTqmedebis energia umniSvneloa <strong>da</strong><br />
is tipur airs warmoadgens, romelsac Zalze <strong>da</strong>bali duRilis<br />
temperatura aqvs (t duR. -183 0 C, t RR. -219 0 C). mis gasaTxevadeblad saWiroa<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali temperatura <strong>da</strong> maRali wneva.<br />
gansxvavebiT lurji feris myari Jangbadisagan, Txevadi Jangbadi Riacisferi<br />
moZravi siTxea (myari <strong>da</strong> Txevadi Jangbadi gansxvavdeba molekula-<br />
TaSorisi urTierTqmedebis energiebis mniSvnelobebiT, rac maT gansxvavebul<br />
SefervaSic aisaxeba). mas specialur balonebSi inaxaven, romelsac<br />
cisferi zoli aqvs. Txevad Jangbads magniti izi<strong>da</strong>vs misi paramagnituri<br />
Tvisebis gamo. wvis procesebi Txevad JangbadSi Zalze energiulad<br />
mimdinareobs (masSi xis naxSiri advilad iwvis). Txevadi JangbadiT<br />
gaJRenTili qvanaxSiris fxvnili gamoiyeneba, rogorc asafeTqebeli masala<br />
_ “oqsilikviti”. is Zlieri asafeTqebeli masalaa (dinamitis siZlieris) <strong>da</strong><br />
dinamitTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT usafrTxoa, radgan garkveuli drois Semdeg kargavs<br />
afeTqebis unars.<br />
Jangbadis miRebis teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> laboratoriuli meTodebi:<br />
Jangbadis miRebis ZiriTadi teqnikuri meTodebia:<br />
a) atmosferuli haeris gaTxevadeba <strong>da</strong> misi fraqciuli gamox<strong>da</strong>;<br />
b) wylis eleqtrolizi<br />
haeris gaTxevadeba <strong>da</strong> Semdgomi gamox<strong>da</strong> Jangbadis miRebis ZiriTadi<br />
samrewvelo meTodia. Jangbadis <strong>da</strong> azotis <strong>da</strong>yofa <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia Txevadi<br />
Jangbadis <strong>da</strong> azotis duRilis temperaturebs Soris sxvaobaze, Jangbadis<br />
duRilis temperatura Txevadi azotis duRilis temperaturaze 13<br />
gradusiT maRalia (haeris t duR.=-196 0 C) amitom gaTxevadebuli haeri<strong>da</strong>n jer<br />
aorTqldeba azoti, xolo Semdeg _ Jangbadi. haeris gaTxevadebiT<br />
miRebuli Jangbadi minarevebis saxiT Seicavs azotsa <strong>da</strong> inertul airebs.<br />
wylis eleqtroliziT sufTa Jangbadi miiReba:<br />
2H2O → 2H2 + O2<br />
orive samrewvelo meTodi energiis mniSvnelovan <strong>da</strong>naxarjs saWiroebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> iaf meTodebs ar miekuTvneba.<br />
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