zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
silanis <strong>da</strong> tetraiodsilanis Termuli <strong>da</strong>SliT:<br />
SiH4 → Si + 2H2<br />
SiJ4 → Si + 2J2<br />
<strong>qimiuri</strong> Tvisebebi: Cveulebriv pirobebSi siliciumi qimiurad sakmaod<br />
inertulia. oTaxis temperaturaze is uerTdeba mxolod fTors. maRal<br />
temperaturaze energiulad uerTdeba Jangbads (600ºC), qlors (400ºC),<br />
naxSirbads (2000ºC), magniums (SelRobiT) <strong>da</strong> a.S.:<br />
Si + O2 → SiO2<br />
Si + 2F2 → SiF4<br />
Si + 2Cl2 → SiCl4<br />
Si + 2Mg → Mg2Si<br />
Si + C → SiC<br />
karborundi warmoiqmneba agreTve siliciumis dioqsidisa <strong>da</strong> koqsis<br />
mocemuli Tanafardobis narevis gacxelebisas:<br />
SiO2 + 3C → SiC + 2CO<br />
sufTa karborundi ufero, Zalze magari kristaluri nivTierebaa.<br />
teqnikuri karborundi muqi nacrisferia. iSleba tuteebis moqmedebiT<br />
mJangavebis Tanaobisas:<br />
SiC + 2KOH + 2O2 → K2SiO3 + CO2↑+H2O<br />
karborundis bazaze awarmoeben mravalgvar mdgrad, cecxlgamZle<br />
masalas (saSlifavi saSualebebi, aracveTadi platformis filebi,<br />
Rumelebis amosagebi cecxlgamZle filebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.) siliciumis <strong>da</strong><br />
karborundis fxvnilebis bazaze amzadeben Reroebs eleqtro-<br />
RumelebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
siliciumi mdgradia bevri mineraluri mJavis moqmedebis mimarT,<br />
magram gacxelebisas urTierTqmedebs saSualo siZlieris fTorwyalbadmJavasTan,<br />
agreTve HF <strong>da</strong> HNO3 narevTan:<br />
Si + 4HF → SiF4 + 2H2↑<br />
3Si + 18HF + 4HNO3 → 3H2SiF6 + 4NO + 8H2O<br />
siliciumze maRal temperaturaze moqmedebs wylis orTqli metasiliciummJavasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> wyalbadis warmoqmniT:<br />
Si + 3H2O → H2SiO3 + 2H2↑<br />
siliciumi energiulad moqmedebs tuteebis wyalxsnarebTan<br />
Sesabamisi silikatebis warmoqmniT <strong>da</strong> wyalbadis gamoyofiT:<br />
Si + 2KOH + H2O → K2SiO3 + 2H2↑<br />
siliciumi ixsneba gamlRval metalebSi. is gamoiyeneba naxevargamtarul<br />
teqnologiaSi, foladis warmoebaSi (siliciumis rkinasTan<br />
SenalRobis – ferosiliciumis saxiT), antikoroziuli Senadnobebis<br />
misaRebad <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
siliciumi, rogorc naxevargamtari, gamoiyeneba fotoelementebSi,<br />
mzis batareebis <strong>da</strong>samzadeblad, radio- <strong>da</strong> kosmosur aparaturaSi <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
siliciumis naerTebi -4 JangviTi ricxviT. metalTa silicidebi:<br />
metalTa silicidebi maRal temperaturaze (inertul areSi) siliciumis<br />
metalebTan urTierTqmedebiT miiReba. tute <strong>da</strong> tutemiwaTa metalTa<br />
silicidebi qimiurad aqtiur naerTebs warmoadgenen. isini Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
advilad iSlebian wyliT <strong>da</strong> mineraluri mJavebiT silicidebs amzadeben<br />
siliciumis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SemcvelobiT. rac ufro maRalia siliciumis<br />
Semcveloba, miT metia warmoqmnili silicidebis mJava <strong>da</strong> tutemedegoba.<br />
92
Change language