zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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azotis qloridi <strong>da</strong> azotis iodidi wyalTan urTierTqmedebisas<br />
iSlebian amiakis <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, qveqlorovan <strong>da</strong> qveiodovan mJavad:<br />
NCl3 + 3H2O → NH3 + 3HClO<br />
2NI 3 + 3H2O → NH3 + 3HlO<br />
fTorTan azoti mdgrad, arafeTqebad naerTs – NF3 (azotis fTorids<br />
anu fToris nitrids warmoqmnis. azotis fToridi hidrolizdeba<br />
fTorwyalbadis <strong>da</strong> N2O3-is warmoqmniT:<br />
2NF3 + 3H2O → N2O3 + 6HF<br />
hidrazini, hidroqsilamini <strong>da</strong> azotwyalbadmJava: rogorc zemoT<br />
aRvniSneT, azoti wyalbadTan gar<strong>da</strong> amiakisa kidev warmoqmnis ramdenime<br />
naerTs, romelTa Soris mniSvnelovania hidrazini (N2H4, romelic<br />
SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc wyalbadis pernitridi). mis molekulas<br />
arawrfivi aRnagoba aqvs:<br />
H H 0<br />
112<br />
H<br />
N N<br />
0.145 nm<br />
hidrazinis molekulebi<br />
H<br />
polarulia, asocirebulia wyalbaduri<br />
bmebiT. hidrazini ufero siTxea. wyalSi kargad ixsneba. miiReba<br />
natriumis hipoqloritze amiakis konc. xsnaris moqmedebiT:<br />
NaClO + 2NH3 → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O<br />
hidrazini, warmoadgens ra fuZes, ori donoris eleqtronuli<br />
wyvilebiT, mJavebTan orgvar marilebs warmoqmnis: mag., HCl-Tan: N2H4•HCl<br />
<strong>da</strong> N2H4•2HCl. hidrazini endoTermuli naerTia, amitom is <strong>da</strong> misi marilebi<br />
gacilebiT aramdgradia, vidre amiaki <strong>da</strong> amoniumis nawarmebi.<br />
hidrazini Zlieri aRmdgenia:<br />
5N2H4 + 4KMnO4 + 6H2SO4→ 5N2 + 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 16H2O<br />
haerze iwvis didi raodenobiT siTbos gamoyofiT:<br />
N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O<br />
hidrazini <strong>da</strong> misi yvela nawarmi Zlier momwamlavia.<br />
hidroqsilamini (NH2OH) ufero kristaluri nivTierebaa, lRveba 330C ze. is miiReba atomuri wyalbadiT azotmJavas aRdgenisas eleqtrolizis<br />
procesSi:<br />
HNO3 + 6H → NH2OH + 2H2O<br />
hidroqsilamini, hidrazinis msgavsad, Seicavs gauziarebeli eleqtronuli<br />
wyvilis mqone azotis atoms, romliTac ierTebs protons<br />
donorul-aqceptoruli meqanizmiT, amitom hidroqsilamini fuZea, reaqcia-<br />
Si Sedis mJavebTan marilebis warmoqmniT:<br />
NH2OH + HCl → [NH3OH] + Cl¯<br />
hidroqsilaminSi azotis JangviTi ricxvi -1-ia, amitom is amJRavnebs<br />
rogorc mJangav, ise aRmdgen Tvisebas. rigSi H2O2-NH2OH-N2H4 aRmdgeni<br />
unari Zlierdeba, mJangavi unari ki mcirdeba. yvela maTgans JangvaaRdgeniTi<br />
TvalsazrisiT ormagi buneba aqvs, magram, rogorc mJangavi,<br />
maT Soris yvelaze Zlieri wyalbadis peroqsidia, xolo rogorc<br />
aRmdgeni _ hidrazini. hidroqsilamini tute areSi Zlieri aRmdgenia, xolo<br />
mJava areSi ki _ mJangavi:<br />
2NH2OH + I2 + 2KOH → N2 + 2KI + 4H2O<br />
2NH2OH + 4FeSO4 +3H2SO4→ 2Fe2(SO4)3 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O<br />
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