zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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14<br />
7 N<br />
mexuTe Tavi<br />
perioduli sistemis IV jgufis p-<strong>elementebi</strong><br />
naxSirbadi<br />
naxSirbadi gansakuTrebuli elementia. is miekuTvneba elementTa<br />
perioduli sistemis IVA jgufs. misi atomis zoma <strong>da</strong> eleqtronuli<br />
aRnagoba ganapirobebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sedgenilobis, aRnagobis <strong>da</strong> Tvisebebis<br />
mravalferovani naerTis warmoqmnis unars, romlebic bunebaSi, yofacxovrebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> teqnikaSi umniSvnelovanes rols asruleben. naxSirbadi<br />
perioduli sistemis IV jgufis tipuri elementia. naxSirbads gaaCnia ori<br />
stabiluri bunebrivi izotopi: 12 C (99%, birTvis tipi 4n) <strong>da</strong> 13 C (1%,<br />
birTvis tipi 4n+1). radioaqtiur izotopebs Soris praqtikulad<br />
mniSvnelovania 14 C. misi naxevrad<strong>da</strong>Slis periodia 5720 weli. bunebaSi is<br />
mudmivad warmoiqmneba haeris azotze kosmosuri sxivebis neitronebis<br />
moqmedebiT:<br />
(n, D)<br />
14<br />
6 C<br />
warmoqmnisTanave izotopi 14 C Seereva naxSirbadis stabilur<br />
izotopebs, romlebic Sedis atmosferos CO2-is SemadgenlobaSi. es<br />
ukanaskneli, rogorc cnobilia, monawileobs fotosinTezis reaqciebSi,<br />
ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c organuli nivTierebebi miiReba. organuli naerTebis<br />
warmoqmnis Semdeg ki 14 C izotopis wili masSi Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan klebulobs<br />
radioaqtiuri <strong>da</strong>Slis gamo. aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>da</strong>sinTezebul organul (an<br />
araorganul) naerTebSi 14 C-is Semdgomi moxvedra atmosferul CO2-Tan<br />
mimocvlis reaqciis saSualebiT aRar xdeba. amitom naxSirbadis stabiluri<br />
izotopis <strong>da</strong> ama Tu im organul naerTSi (wiaRiseul naxSirSi,<br />
uZvelesi qalaqebis xis nakeTobebSi <strong>da</strong> a.S.) 14 C izotopis masuri wilis<br />
fardoba saSualebas iZleva, SevafasoT, Tu ra zomiT (raodenobiT) mox<strong>da</strong><br />
14 C-is radio<strong>da</strong>Sla <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, ramdeni saukunis win mox<strong>da</strong> fotosinTezi.<br />
organuli nivTierebis asakis gansazRvris am meTods radionaxSirbaduli<br />
meTodi ewodeba. dReisaTvis igi Seucvlelia <strong>da</strong> farTod<br />
gamoiyeneba arqeologiaSi, geologiaSi <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebSi.<br />
bunebaSi gavrceleba: naxSirbadi bunebaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT arsebobs.<br />
is warmoadgens mcenareTa <strong>da</strong> cxovelTa qsovilebis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel<br />
nawils. naxSirbadi organul naerTebis sabazo elementia. wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, cocxali organizmebis <strong>da</strong>Slis produqtebi warmoqmnis<br />
qvanaxSirs, navTobs, torfs, bunebriv airebs, romlebic umTavresad<br />
naxSirbads Seicavs.<br />
naxSirbadi mineralebSi gvxvdeba karbonatebis saxiT. karbonatebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia CaCO3 (marmarilo, kirqva, carci), magneziti<br />
(MgCO3), dolomiti (CaCO3•MgCO3), malaqiti [(Cu2OH)2CO3]. cnobilia agreTve<br />
mZime metalebis karbonatebi: sideriti (FeCO3), MnCO3, ZnCO3 <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
atmosferos haerSi naxSirbadi gvxvdeba naxSirbadis dioqsidis saxiT<br />
(0.03 moc. %). haeris CO 2-isa <strong>da</strong> wylisagan fotosinTezis Sedegad xdeba<br />
mcenareTa foTlebSi glukozis warmoqmna:<br />
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2<br />
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