zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)

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naxazi 14. azotis molekulis eleqtronuli diagrama azotis energetikuli sqemidan da eleqtronuli formulidan Cans, rom molekulaSi eqvsi eleqtroni ganlagebulia sam makavSirebel orbitalze (σs, πx, πy) (Seesabameba erTi σ da ori π bma). valenturi bmis meTodis moxedviT N2-is molekula Semdegnairad SeiZleba warmovadginoT: N naxazi 15. azotis molekulis modeli N 54
maSasadame, azotis molekulaSi atomebs Soris xorcieldeba sami bma: erTi σsp-sp da ori πp-p bma. molekuluri azoti maRali qimiuri mdgradobiT gamoirCeva, rasac ganapirobebs azotis atomebs Soris arsebuli mtkice qimiuri bma. atomebidan molekuluri azotis warmoqmna egzoTermuli procesia mniSvnelovani siTburi efeqtiT. amitom azotis molekulebSi bmebis dasaxleCad Zalze didi energiaa saWiro: 2N N 2 (ΔH = - 936, 768 kj/moli) azotis atombirTvebs Soris manZili 0,109 nm-ia, rac ganapirobebs misi molekulis simtkices. azotis atomebs Soris sammag bmaSi erT-erT bmas uCveulod maRali energia aRmoaCnda (E bm=522,75 kj/moli), rac aZnelebs sammagi bmis darRvevas. miReba: mrewvelobaSi azoti miiReba haeris gaTxevadebiT da Txevadi haeris fraqciuli gamoxdiT. azoti Jangbadze ufro dabalmduRarea (duR.t. -196 0 C-is tolia), amitom is Jangbadze adre orTqldeba, rac misi Jangbadisagan dacilebis SesaZleblobas ganapirobebs. misi miReba aseve SeiZleba garkveul temperaturaze gaxurebul rkinaze haeris nakadis gatarebiT. am dros azoti sufTavdeba haeris Jangbadisagan, magram minarevis saxiT Seicavs inertul airebs da zogierT sxva minarevs (mag., CO2). laboratoriul pirobebSi azots ZiriTadad amoniumis nitritis an amoniumis diqromatis Termuli daSliT Rebuloben: NH4NO2 → N2 + 2H2O (NH4)2Cr2O7 → N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O amoniumis nitritis SedarebiT dabali mdgradobis gamo, SesaZlebelia azotis miReba natriumis nitritis amoniumis qloridTan gaxurebiT: NaNO2 + NH4Cl → N2 ↑+ NaCl + 2H2O fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebi: molekuluri azoti usuno, ufero, wyalSi mcired xsnadi airia. is sammagi bmis maRali mdgradobis gamo qimiurad inertulia, magram saTanado pirobebis SerCeviT bevr martiv nivTierebasTan reagirebs. molekuluri azoti uerTdeba aqtiur metalebs metalTa Zabvis mwkrivSi aluminis CaTvliT (oTaxis temperaturaze azoti mxolod Li-Tan urTierTqmedebs) nitridebis warmoqmniT: 6 Li + N2 → 2 Li 3N 3 Mg + N2 → Mg 3N2 magniumis anTebuli lenta azotian WurWelSi Setanisas wvas ganagrZobs Sesabamisi nitridis warmoqmniT. Mg−N bma maRali simtkiciT gamoirCeva. azoti arametalebTanac moqmedebs, Jangbadi, wyalbadi da a.S. reaqciebi arametalebTan mxolod maRal temperaturaze mimdinareobs. azoti wyalbadTan optimaluri siCqariT reagirebs 450-500 55 0C-ze da 10- 30 mpa wnevaze, katalizatorebis Tanaobisas (amiakis sinTezis samrewvelo meTodi – atmosferuli azotis bmul azotad gardaqmnis ZiriTadi xerxi): N2 + 3H2 2NH3 reaqcia katalizuria, katalizatirad gamoiyeneba garkveuli wesiT damzadebuli forovani rkina promotorebiT – K2O, Al2O3, SiO2. azoti naxSirbadTan (gavarvarebul koqsTan) warmoqmnis dicians – (CN)2, xolo siliciumTan maRaltemperaturaze (10000C) – qimiurad mdgrad naerTs, Si3N4 : N2 + 2C → (CN)2
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avtoris stili daculia qristine gior
Page 3 and 4: Sinaarsi winasityvaoba ............
Page 5 and 6: Sesavali araorganuli qimia fuZemdeb
Page 7 and 8: 3 β _ radioaqtiuri izotopia; is ga
Page 9 and 10: H: - .. + .. B:H H donori H aqcepto
Page 11 and 12: amitom wyalbadi gamoiyeneba metalur
Page 13 and 14: atomuri radiusebis zrdasTan dakavSi
Page 15 and 16: S + 3F2 → SF6 aseve moqmedebs fTo
Page 17 and 18: idebic, sadac kompleqswarmomqmnelis
Page 19 and 20: 3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl +NaClO3 +3H2
Page 21 and 22: NCl3 +3HOH → 3HClO +NH3 Cl2O HClO
Page 23 and 24: , ClO − 4 , anionebis mdgradoba i
Page 25 and 26: e.i mJava bunebis bromidebi da iodi
Page 27 and 28: atomiT. H5IO6 HClO4-Tan SedarebiT Z
Page 29 and 30: S -2 3s 2 3p 6 S +6 2s 2 2p 6 selen
Page 31 and 32: misi radioaqtiurobis xarisxis Sefas
Page 33 and 34: Jangbadis miRebis laboratoriuli xer
Page 35 and 36: naxazi 4. wylis molekulis modeli me
Page 37 and 38: 30%-ian wyalxsnars perhidroli ewode
Page 39 and 40: yviTeli feris myife nivTierebaa, ro
Page 41 and 42: sulfidebi, iseve, rogorc oqsidebi,
Page 43 and 44: qimiuri Tvisebebi: gogirdis(IV) oqs
Page 45 and 46: civi konc. gogirdmJava wyalbadamde
Page 47 and 48: H H O O +6 S O S -2 Na2S2O3 + Cl2 +
Page 49 and 50: gogirdis msgavsad axasiaTebs polimo
Page 51 and 52: H2SeO4 TeTri myari nivTierebaa. gog
Page 53: cxoveluri da mcenareuli warmoSobis
Page 57 and 58: vivaraudoT, rom am SemTxvevaSi ar x
Page 59 and 60: t NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3 + H2O amonium
Page 61 and 62: hidroqsilamini wyalbadis peroqsidis
Page 63 and 64: NO2 azotis oqsidebs Soris, teqnikur
Page 65 and 66: azotmJava TiTqmis yvela metals (rog
Page 67 and 68: განსაკუთრებ
Page 69 and 70: 2000 0 C-ze gaxurebiT TeTri fosfori
Page 71 and 72: PCl5 energiulad urTierTqmedebs amia
Page 73 and 74: H O O O P O P O OH O P OH sqema 7.
Page 75 and 76: 2As2S3 + 9O2 → 6SO2 + 2As2O3 As2O
Page 77 and 78: EHaI3 miiReba martivi nivTierebebis
Page 79 and 80: 14 7 N mexuTe Tavi perioduli sistem
Page 81 and 82: mis energiebi E, kj/moli C C cxrili
Page 83 and 84: SO2 + 2C → S + 2CO P2O5 + 5C →
Page 85 and 86: laboratoriaSi CO miiReba WianWvelmJ
Page 87 and 88: CO2 mJangav Tvisebas avlens agreTve
Page 89 and 90: tute metalebis hidrokarbonatebi mdg
Page 91 and 92: siliciumi bunebaSi ZiriTadad SiO2-i
Page 93 and 94: silicidebidan gansakuTrebiT farTod
Page 95 and 96: struqturebs - jaWvebs, lentebs da S
Page 97 and 98: (advilad lRveba). kalas yvelaze mni
Page 99 and 100: naerTebi ZiriTadi elementis +2 Jang
Page 101 and 102: kala, rogorc malegirebeli metali, g
Page 103 and 104: 6.1. bori bunebaSi gavrceleba. bori
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metalebTan bori mxolod specifikur p
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ZiriTadi mineralebia boqsitebi (Al2
Page 109 and 110:
eleqtrosadenebis dasamzadeblad. met
Page 111 and 112:
meSvide Tavi perioduli sistemis II
Page 113 and 114:
BeF2 + SiF4 → Be[SiF6] cnobilia b
Page 115 and 116:
stronciumis mniSvnelovani mineralia
Page 117 and 118:
merve Tavi perioduli sistemis I jgu
Page 119 and 120:
Tebelia moculobacentrirebuli da wax
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kraun-eTerebTan (a) da kriptatebTan
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neonis, argonis, kriptonis da qseno
Page 125 and 126:
Cs-isa da Rb-is CsF + XeF6 Cs[XeF7]
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meaTe Tavi gardamavali metalebis zo
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nawilobriv aqvT Sevsebuli d-orbital
Page 131 and 132:
meTerTmete Tavi n = 3 titani titani
Page 133 and 134:
Ti + 5H2SO4 → H2[Ti(SO4)3] + 2SO2
Page 135 and 136:
qromisTvis damaxasiaTebelia maRali
Page 137 and 138:
danarCeni ori. mag., CrCl2-is krist
Page 139 and 140:
Cr +3 -Tvis miRebulia halogenokompl
Page 141 and 142:
manganums, aramed mis rkinasTan Sen
Page 143 and 144:
Mn +2 -is marilebis wyalxsnarebze a
Page 145 and 146:
HMnO4-is xsnaris maqsimaluri koncen
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mineralebi am mizniT ar gamoiyeneba
Page 149 and 150:
Fe(OH)2 moyviTalo TeTri naleqia, mi
Page 151 and 152:
marilTa wyalxsnarebidan gamoyofilia
Page 153 and 154:
meTxuTmete Tavi kobalti kobalti 173
Page 155 and 156:
mexuTe _ kobaltis wyvili d-eleqtron
Page 157 and 158:
kobalt(III)-s axasiaTebs azotTan ko
Page 159 and 160:
procesebSi gamoiyeneba katalizatora
Page 161 and 162:
[Ni(H2O)6] 2+ ionis feria. nikelis
Page 163 and 164:
2KOH + OsO4 K2[OsO4(OH) 2] 2KF + Os
Page 165 and 166:
cxrili 16. kompleqsuri ionebis mdgr
Page 167 and 168:
agreTve sxvadasxva ligandebis Semcv
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erTad (iseve, rogorc sxva d-metaleb
Page 171 and 172:
eleqtroliziT) Rebuloben sufTa spile
Page 173 and 174:
CuO miiReba spilenZ(II)-is hidroqsi
Page 175 and 176:
18.2. vercxli miReba. vercxlis misa
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18.3. oqro miReba: qviSrobebidan oq
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aRmomCeni reaqciebi: spilenZis naer
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mecxramete Tavi perioduli sistemis
Page 183 and 184:
TuTia gamoiyeneba Senadnobebis dasa
Page 185 and 186:
mcire raodenobiT aris evropiumi, ro
Page 187 and 188:
mdgradoba. isini warmoqmnian ormag
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EH4) Sedgenilobis hidridebis warmoq
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zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)

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