zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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meTxuTmete Tavi<br />
kobalti<br />
kobalti 1735 wels aRmoaCina Svedma mecnierma georg brandtma.<br />
kobaltis savalento eleqtronebia 3d 7 4s 2 .<br />
Co 0<br />
Co 2+<br />
Co 3+<br />
3d<br />
3d<br />
3d<br />
rkinis qvejgufis elementebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT kobaltisa <strong>da</strong> mis analogebis<br />
atomebSi (n-1)d orbitalebis stabilizaciis tendencia grZeldeba,<br />
amitom kobaltis umaRlesi JangviTi ricxvi rkinasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia. misTvis tipuria JangviTi ricxvebi (+2) <strong>da</strong> (+3). amasTan (+3) mas<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d kompleqsebSi axasiaTebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c misi koordinaciuli ricxvi<br />
eqvsis tolia.<br />
erTaderTi mniSvnelovani d 7 konfiguraciis mqone ioni aris Co 2+ ,<br />
Tumca aseTi konfiguraciiT nikel(III)-is ramdenime naerTic arsebobs.<br />
Co 2+ -is ionebi wyalxsnarebSi mdgradia, magram Zlieri velis warmomqmneli<br />
ligandebis Tanaobisas advilad iJangeba kobaltis(III) kompleqsebis<br />
warmoqmniT. kobaltis(II) kompleqsebi advilad iJangebian kobalt(III)-mde.<br />
qvemoT mocemulia E 0 mniSvnelobebi kobaltis ramdenime kompleqsisaTvis:<br />
[Co(C2O4) 3] 3-<br />
+ 1e<br />
[Co(C 2O 4) 3] 4-<br />
60Co 17<br />
4s<br />
4s<br />
4s<br />
E 0 = + 0,57ev<br />
[Co(NH3) 6] 3+<br />
[Co(NH3) 6] 2+<br />
+ 1e E0 = + 0,108ev<br />
[Co(en) 3] 3+ [Co(en) 3] 2+<br />
+ 1e<br />
[Co(CN) 6] 3-<br />
+ 1e<br />
[Co(CN) 5] 3- + CN -<br />
E 0 = - 0,26ev<br />
E 0 = - 0,83ev<br />
bunebaSi gavrceleba: sufTa kobaltis madnebi bunebaSi iSviaTad<br />
gvxvdeba. is TiTqmis yovelTvis nikelTan <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>riSxanTan erTad aris<br />
gavrcelebuli. misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mineralia kobaltis kriala<br />
CoAsS.<br />
kobalts ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d polimetaluri madnebi<strong>da</strong>n Rebuloben. rigi Tanmimdevruli<br />
polimetalurgiuli operaciebis Sedegad gamoyofen Co3O4-s,<br />
romelsac Semdeg naxSiriT, wyalbadiT, zogjer ki aluminoTermiiT<br />
aRadgenen. gansakuTrebuli sisufTavis kobalts eleqtrolituri rafinirebiT<br />
iReben, agreTve misi zogierTi naerTis Termuli <strong>da</strong>SliT.<br />
warmoebuli kobaltis ZiriTadi masa misi Senadnobebis, swrafmWreli<br />
foladebisa <strong>da</strong> metalTa nakeTobebis eleqtrolitur <strong>da</strong>farvas xmardeba.<br />
kobaltis naerTebi, kaliumis silikatTan ormagi marilebis saxiT<br />
kobaltis minis warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba.<br />
kobaltis radioaqtiuri izotopi medicinaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc<br />
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