zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
zogadi da araorganuli qimia nawili meore (qimiuri elementebi)
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<strong>da</strong>narCeni ori. mag., CrCl2-is kristalSi Cr +2-gan qloris oTxi atomis<br />
<strong>da</strong>Soreba 0,2396 nm-ia, orisa ki – 0,290 nm (sqema 13). rogorc cnobilia, es<br />
movlena ian-teleris efeqtis saxelwodebiT aris cnobili.<br />
Cr +2-Si ori gamTiSavi orbitali<strong>da</strong>n erTze aris erTi eleqtroni,<br />
mak.<br />
<strong>meore</strong> ki Tavisufalia, amitom σ x 2 -y 2<br />
orbitalebiT warmoqmnili bmebi<br />
ufro mtkicea <strong>da</strong> bmis sigrZe ufro naklebi, vidre . e.i.<br />
kompleqswarmomqmnelTan ligandis oTxi molekula xy sibrtyeSi<br />
erTnairad aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, ori ki _ gansxvavebulad.<br />
Cl<br />
Cl<br />
Cr<br />
0,290 nm<br />
Cl<br />
Cl<br />
Cl<br />
Cl<br />
sqema 13.<br />
Cr +2 anionur kompleqsebs ar warmoqmnis.<br />
qromis naerTebi Cr +3-is JangviTi ricxviT: qromis oqsidi Cr2O3 mwvane<br />
feris fxvnilia. Al2O3-is msgavsi oqtaedrul-tetraedruli kristaluri<br />
struqtura aqvs, Zalian Znelad lRobadia (2265°C), qimiurad inertulia.<br />
ar ixsneba wyalSi, Cveulebriv temperaturaze arc mJava moqmedebs masze<br />
<strong>da</strong> arc tute. reaqciaSi mxolod maRal temperaturaze SelRobiT Sedis.<br />
misi amfoteroba vlindeba maRal temperaturaze tutesTan, fuZe<br />
oqsidebTan <strong>da</strong> tute metalebis pirosulfatebTan mimdinare reaqciebiT:<br />
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaCrO2 + H2O<br />
Cr2O3 + CaO → Ca(CrO2)2<br />
Cr2O3 + 3K2S2O7 → 3K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3<br />
K2S2O7 → K2SO4 + SO3<br />
Cr2O3 + SO3 → Cr2(SO4)3<br />
tutesTan <strong>da</strong> fuZe oqsidebTan SelRobiT qromitebi miiReba.<br />
qromitebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d orvalentiani metalebisTvis aris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli.<br />
maTi <strong>zogadi</strong> formulaa M(CrO2)2. isini metaqrommJavas HCrO2 marilebia.<br />
swored aseTi marilia rkinis bunebrivi qromiti Fe(CrO2)2, romelic<br />
qromis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli mineralia. d-metalebis<br />
qromitebi koordinaciuli polimerebia.<br />
Cr2O3 laboratoriaSi amoniumis diqromatis Termuli <strong>da</strong>SliT<br />
Rebuloben:<br />
(NH4)2Cr2O7 → N2↑ + Cr2O3 + 4H2O<br />
K2Cr2O7 + 2NH4Cl → 2KCl + Cr2O3 + N2↑ + 4H2O<br />
Cr +3-is halogenidebi pir<strong>da</strong>piri urTierTqmedebiT miiReba, magram<br />
CrCl3-s praqtikulad Semdegi reaqciiT Rebuloben:<br />
Cr2O3 + 3C + 3Cl2 → 2CrCl3 + 3CO↑<br />
CrCl3 mowiTalo-iisferi kristalebia. wyalSi cu<strong>da</strong>d ixsneba. aseve<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d ixsneba wyalSi Cr2(SO4)3. maT polimeruli struqturebi aqvT. struqturiT<br />
maTgan gansxvavdeba Sesabamisi kristalhidratebi, romlebic<br />
Cl<br />
Cr<br />
Cl<br />
0,2396 nm<br />
Cl<br />
Cl<br />
σ z 2<br />
mak.<br />
137
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