More documents

Recommendations

Info

Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé è óñëîâèÿ òåðìîîáðàáîòêè îïðåäåëÿþò ïóòè ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ôàçîâîãî ñîñòàâà MoVTe-îêñèäíûõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ. Ïðîìåæóòî÷íûì ñîåäèíåíèåì ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè òåëëóðîâîé êèñëîòû , íåçàâèñèìî îò ïðèðîäû èñõîäíîãî ñîåäèíåíèÿ âàíàäèÿ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ Òå-Ìî ãåòåðîïîëèñîåäèíåíèå Àíäåðñåíîâñêîãî òèïà. Òåðìîîáðàáîòêà â îêèñëèòåëüíîé ñðåäå ïðè 350 î Ñ è âûøå ïðèâîäèò ê îáðàçîâàíèþ îêñèäîâ èñõîäíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé. Ïðîêàëèâàíèå â èíåðòíîé àòìîñôåðå â òîêå Íå ïðè 550 î Ñ ôîðìèðóåò ôàçû Te 0.33 MO 3.33 (M2) [2], TeMo 5 O 16 , MoO 3 (ð) è ñëîèñòûå ñòðóêòóðíî ðîäñòâåííûå V-Mo ñîåäèíåíèÿ òèïà V 2 O 5 (V 0.95 Mo 0.97 O 5 , VMo 3 O 11 è VMo 2 O 8+x ). Êîìáèíèðîâàííûé ðåæèì ïðîêàëèâàíèÿ (300 î Ñ â âîçäóõå ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé ïðîêàëêîé â òîêå Íå ïðè 550 î Ñ) ïðèâîäèò ê èçìåíåíèþ ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ôàç TeMo 5 O 16 è Ì2 â ñòîðîíó îáðàçîâàíèÿ ôàçû Ì2. Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè îêñèäà òåëëóðà îáðàçóåòñÿ âàíàäèé-ìîëèáäåíîâîå ñîåäèíåíèå ïåðåìåííîãî ñîñòàâà ñî ñòðóêòóðîé ãåêñàãîíàëüíîé ÌîÎ 3 , à ÒåÎ 2 âïëîòü äî 300 î Ñ ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ â âèäå èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî îêñèäà. Ïðè òåðìîîáðàáîòêå â òîêå Íå ïðè 550 î Ñ îáðàçóþòñÿ òå æå ôàçû, ÷òî è â ñëó÷àå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåëëóðîâîé êèñëîòû. Â ïðîöåññå àêòèâàöèè âûñóøåííûõ îáðàçöîâ â ðåàêöèîííîé ñìåñè ïðè 400-450 î Ñ ïðîèñõîäèò ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ôîðìèðîâàíèå ãåêñàãîíàëüíîé ôàçû Ì2 è V-Mo ñîåäèíåíèé íåçàâèñèìî îò ïðèðîäû èñõîäíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé âàíàäèÿ è ìîëèáäåíà. 50 45 Êîíâåðñèÿ ïðîïàíà X=20-25% Mo 6+ , Te 6+ 50 40 - C 3 H 3 N Êîíâåðñèÿ ïðîïàíà X=20-30% - C 3 H 6 - CO x Mo 6+ ,Te 4+ , 40 35 30 S,% 30 25 20 S, % 20 15 10 10 0 5 V 5+ V 5+ , V 4+ V 4+ 0 1 2 3 V 5+ V 5+ ,V 4+ V 4+ Íà ðèñóíêå ïîêàçàíû çàâèñèìîñòè ñåëåêòèâíîñòåé ïî ïðîäóêòàì àììîíîëèçà ïðîïàíà ïî íèòðèëó àêðèëîâîé êèñëîòû, ïðîïèëåíó è ÑÎ õ â 125
çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïðèðîäû èñõîäíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé âàíàäèÿ è òåëëóðà. Ñóùåñòâåííûì ôàêòîðîì, îïðåäåëÿþùèì ñåëåêòèâíîñòü è àêòèâíîñòü MoVTe îêñèäíîãî êàòàëèçàòîðà, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîñòîÿíèå âàíàäèÿ â èñõîäíîì ñîåäèíåíèè. Íàèáîëåå àêòèâíû è ñåëåêòèâíû êàòàëèçàòîðû, ïîëó÷åííûå èç îêñàëàòà âàíàäèëà. Íåñåëåêòèâíûìè è íåàêòèâíûìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ êàòàëèçàòîðû, ïîëó÷åííûå èç ìåòàâàíàäàòà àììîíèÿ. Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. Europen patent, ¹ 0 608 838 À2 (1994). 2. J.M. Oliver et al., Applied Catalysis A: General 257 (2004) 67-76. 126
Page 1 and 2:
Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4:
Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
Page 6 and 7:
SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
Page 8 and 9:
ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 10 and 11:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
Page 12 and 13:
Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
Page 14 and 15:
ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
Page 16 and 17:
ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
Page 18:
ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
Page 22 and 23:
MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
Page 24 and 25:
PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
Page 26 and 27:
ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
Page 28 and 29:
Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
Page 30 and 31:
êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
Page 32 and 33:
ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
Page 34 and 35:
ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
Page 36 and 37:
ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
Page 38 and 39:
÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
Page 40 and 41:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
Page 42 and 43:
Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
Page 44 and 45:
Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
Page 46 and 47:
ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
Page 48 and 49:
ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
Page 50 and 51:
ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
Page 52 and 53:
ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
Page 54 and 55:
ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
Page 56 and 57:
ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
Page 58 and 59:
ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
Page 60 and 61:
ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
Page 62 and 63:
ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
Page 64 and 65:
îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
Page 66 and 67:
ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
Page 68 and 69:
ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 70 and 71:
ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
Page 72 and 73:
Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
Page 74 and 75:
Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
Page 76 and 77: Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
Page 78 and 79: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
Page 80 and 81: Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
Page 82 and 83: óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
Page 84 and 85: åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
Page 86 and 87: í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
Page 88 and 89: ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
Page 90 and 91: ×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
Page 92 and 93: Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
Page 94 and 95: ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
Page 96 and 97: ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
Page 98 and 99: ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
Page 100 and 101: ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
Page 102 and 103: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
Page 104 and 105: Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
Page 106 and 107: âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
Page 108 and 109: êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
Page 110 and 111: ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
Page 112 and 113: Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115: 50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119: êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121: èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123: ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133: ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135: Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137: ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141: ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143: Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
Page 146 and 147: Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161: ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165: ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
Page 166 and 167: Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169: â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173: ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 174 and 175: Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 176 and 177:
Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
Page 178 and 179:
ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181:
ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183:
Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185:
ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
Page 186 and 187:
ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
Page 188 and 189:
ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191:
ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193:
óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195:
ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197:
ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
Page 198 and 199:
CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
Page 200 and 201:
Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203:
ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205:
óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
Page 206 and 207:
ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
Page 208 and 209:
ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
Page 210 and 211:
ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
Page 212 and 213:
ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
Page 214 and 215:
ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
Page 216 and 217:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
Page 218 and 219:
ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
Page 220 and 221:
ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
Page 222 and 223:
ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
Page 224 and 225:
Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
Page 226 and 227:
àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
Page 228 and 229:
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
Page 230 and 231:
ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
Page 232 and 233:
ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
Page 234 and 235:
ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
Page 236 and 237:
ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
Page 238 and 239:
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
Page 240 and 241:
Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
Page 242 and 243:
CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
Page 244 and 245:
CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
Page 246 and 247:
CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
show all

ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ...