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÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî âèäà âîçíèêàþò â ïðîöåññå ôàçîâîãî ïåðåõîäà ãèäðîêñîêàðáîíàòíûõ ôîðì ñîåäèíåíèé â a.ì.-îêñèäû [4]. Äàííûå ÏÝÌÂÐ ïîêàçûâàþò òàêæå, ÷òî à.ì.-êðèñòàëëû ñîäåðæàò êðîìå ñêâîçíûõ ïîð ñ ðàçìåðàìè 5-7 íì, òàêæå è çàìêíóòûå âíóòðèîáúåìíûå ìåçîïîðû ñ ðàçìåðàìè 2-3 íì, íå èìåþùèå âûõîäà íà âíåøíþþ ïîâåðõíîñòü. Îáðàçîâàíèå âíóòðèîáúåìíûõ ìåçîïîð ìîæíî îáúÿñíèòü ñòîêîì àòîìíûõ âàêàíñèé êðèñòàëëà, îáðàçóþùèõñÿ ïðè íåïîëíîì óäàëåíèè àíèîííûõ ãðóïï CO 2- 3 è OH - ïðè òåðìîðàçëîæåíèè ãèäðîêñîêàðáîíàòà è ïåðåõîäå åãî â à.ì.-îêñèä. Óêàçàííûå ïðîöåññû ñòðóêòóðíûõ òðàíñôîðìàöèé õàðàêòåðíû äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ êàê a.ì.-ZnO, òàê è à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O. Ïî äàííûì ÏÝÌÂÐ îêèñëåííûå îáðàçöû (èñõîäíîå ñîñòîÿíèå) íå ñîäåðæàò âûäåëåíèé ìåòàëëè÷åñêîé, ëèáî îêèñëåííîé ìåäè. Âîññòàíîâèòåëüíàÿ îáðàáîòêà ïðè 270 î Ñ ïðèâîäèò ê îáðàçîâàíèþ ÷àñòèö Cu o êàê íà âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè êðèñòàëëîâ à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O, òàê è âíóòðè èõ îáúåìà. Ðàçìåðû ÷àñòèö ìåäè, ëîêàëèçîâàííûõ íà âíåøíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè ìåäíî öèíêîâîãî îêñèäà, ñîñòàâëÿþò 3-10 íì. Âíóòðè êðèñòàëëîâ à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O ìåòàëëè÷åñêàÿ ìåäü îáðàçóåò êëàñòåðû ñ ðàçìåðàìè 2-3 íì, ðàçìåùåííûå â çàìêíóòûõ ìåçîïîðàõ. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèå ðåøåòêè êëàñòåðíûõ ÷àñòèö Cu o è ìàòðèöû à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O êîãåðåíòíû ñ ïàðàëëåëüíîñòüþ íàïðàâëåíèé: [001]ZnO ⏐⏐ [111]Cu 0 . Àíàëîãè÷íóþ ñòðóêòóðó èìåþò êàòàëèçàòîðû, îáðàáîòàííûå ðåàêöèîííîé ñìåñüþ. Ïîñëåäóþùàÿ îáðàáîòêà âîññòàíîâëåííîãî îáðàçöà â ïîòîêå Íå ñ 0.02 îá % Î 2 ïðè 270 î Ñ ïðèâîäèò ê îêèñëåíèþ (ðåîêèñëåíèþ) ìåäè, ëîêàëèçîâàííîé íà ïîâåðõíîñòè à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O è âîçâðàùåíèþ èîíîâ Cu 2+ â îáúåì êðèñòàëëà. Ïðè ýòîì êëàñòåðíàÿ ìåäü, íàõîäÿùàÿñÿ âî âíóòðåííèõ ìåçîïîðàõ, îñòàåòñÿ â ìåòàëëè÷åñêîì ñîñòîÿíèè. Êðèñòàëëîãðàôè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ïîêàçàë, ÷òî òâåðäûå ðàñòâîðû ìåäè â îêñèäå öèíêà âîçíèêàþò òîëüêî â ôàçàõ à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O, ñîäåðæàùèõ ñòðóêòóðíûå äåôåêòû. Ïîäâèæíîñòü ìåäè ïðèâîäèò ê îáðàòèìûì èçìåíåíèÿì ñîñòàâà òâåðäûõ ðàñòâîðîâ à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O âñëåäñòâèå ïåðåìåùåíèÿ àòîìîâ ìåäè èç îáúåìà êðèñòàëëà íà åãî ïîâåðõíîñòü ïðè âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîé îáðàáîòêå è îáðàòíî – ïîñëå ðåîêèñëåíèÿ îáðàçöà. Ïîâåðõíîñòíàÿ ìåäü ñåãðåãèðóåòñÿ â âèäå ÷àñòèö ìåòàëëà, à ðàñòâîðåííûå 37
èîíû ëîêàëèçóþòñÿ â îáúåìå êðèñòàëëîâ à.ì.-Cu 0.08 Zn 0.92 O íà ñòðóêòóðíûõ äåôåêòàõ. Îáðàòèìûé òðàíñïîðò ìåäè ñòàíîâèòñÿ âîçìîæíûì âñëåäñòâèå äèôôóçèè èîíîâ Cu 2+ ïî ïðîòÿæåííûì äåôåêòàì äèñëîêàöèîííîãî òèïà. Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. C. Kiener, M. Kurtz, H. Wilmer et al. J. Catal. 2003. V.216. P.110. 2. T.M. Yurieva, L.M. Plyasova, V.I. Zaikovskii et al. Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys. 2004. V.6. P.4522. 3. Äæ. Êàóëè. Ôèçèêà äèôðàêöèè. Ì.: Ìèð. 1979. 4. Çàéêîâñêèé Â.È., Ïëÿñîâà Ë.Ì., Çèáîðîâ À.Â. è äð. //Æ. ñòð. õèìèè 1990. Ò.31. ¹.5. Ñ.8-14. 38
Page 1 and 2: Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4: Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
Page 6 and 7: SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
Page 8 and 9: ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 10 and 11: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
Page 12 and 13: Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
Page 14 and 15: ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
Page 16 and 17: ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
Page 18: ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
Page 22 and 23: MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
Page 24 and 25: PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
Page 26 and 27: ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
Page 28 and 29: Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
Page 30 and 31: êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
Page 32 and 33: ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
Page 34 and 35: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
Page 36 and 37: ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
Page 40 and 41: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
Page 42 and 43: Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
Page 44 and 45: Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
Page 46 and 47: ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
Page 48 and 49: ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
Page 50 and 51: ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
Page 52 and 53: ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
Page 54 and 55: ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
Page 56 and 57: ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
Page 58 and 59: ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
Page 60 and 61: ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
Page 62 and 63: ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
Page 64 and 65: îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
Page 66 and 67: ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
Page 68 and 69: ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 70 and 71: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
Page 72 and 73: Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
Page 74 and 75: Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
Page 76 and 77: Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
Page 78 and 79: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
Page 80 and 81: Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
Page 82 and 83: óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
Page 84 and 85: åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
Page 86 and 87: í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
Page 88 and 89:
ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
Page 90 and 91:
×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
Page 92 and 93:
Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
Page 94 and 95:
ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
Page 96 and 97:
ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
Page 98 and 99:
ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
Page 100 and 101:
ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
Page 102 and 103:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
Page 104 and 105:
Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
Page 106 and 107:
âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
Page 108 and 109:
êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
Page 110 and 111:
ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
Page 112 and 113:
Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115:
50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117:
ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119:
êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121:
èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123:
ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125:
óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127:
Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129:
ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131:
ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133:
ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135:
Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137:
ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139:
ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141:
ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143:
Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145:
îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
Page 146 and 147:
Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
Page 148 and 149:
äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151:
Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153:
ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155:
ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157:
ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159:
ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161:
ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163:
ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165:
ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
Page 166 and 167:
Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169:
â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171:
Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173:
ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 174 and 175:
Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 176 and 177:
Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
Page 178 and 179:
ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181:
ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183:
Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185:
ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
Page 186 and 187:
ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
Page 188 and 189:
ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191:
ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193:
óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195:
ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197:
ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
Page 198 and 199:
CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
Page 200 and 201:
Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203:
ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205:
óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
Page 206 and 207:
ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
Page 208 and 209:
ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
Page 210 and 211:
ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
Page 212 and 213:
ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
Page 214 and 215:
ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
Page 216 and 217:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
Page 218 and 219:
ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
Page 220 and 221:
ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
Page 222 and 223:
ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
Page 224 and 225:
Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
Page 226 and 227:
àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
Page 228 and 229:
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
Page 230 and 231:
ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
Page 232 and 233:
ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
Page 234 and 235:
ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
Page 236 and 237:
ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
Page 238 and 239:
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
Page 240 and 241:
Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
Page 242 and 243:
CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
Page 244 and 245:
CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
Page 246 and 247:
CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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