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Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ ñèíòåçà ñ 5 äî 20 àòìîñôåð ïðèâîäèëî ê ðîñòó àêòèâíîñòè êàòàëèçàòîðà, ÷òî âèäíî ïî óâåëè÷åíèþ êîíâåðñèè ñèíòåç-ãàçà. Ïðè ýòîì ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü ïî öåëåâûì æèäêèì óãëåâîäîðîäàì âûðîñëà â ~1.5 ðàçà. Îòìåòèì èçìåíåíèå ñåëåêòèâíîñòè ïî ìåòàíó è æèäêèì óãëåâîäîðîäàì â çàâèñèìîñòè îò äàâëåíèÿ: ðîñò äàâëåíèÿ ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîäàâëåíèþ ìåòàíîîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Íàïðîòèâ, ñåëåêòèâíîñòü ïî æèäêèì óãëåâîäîðîäàì óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ, äîñòèãàÿ 96 % ïðè 15–20 àòì. 173
ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÖÅÎËÈÒÀ ÏÐÈ ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃÅ ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÏÀÐÀÔÈÍÀ Êîíóñïàåâ Ñ.Ð., Êàäèðáåêîâ Ê.À., Ñàðñåêîâà À.Ò., Íóðáàåâà Ð.Ê., Êóðáàíãàëèåâà Ã.Â. ÄÃÏ Èíñòèòóò õèìè÷åñêèõ íàóê èì. À.Á. Áåêòóðîâà ÐÃÏ ÖÕÒÈ ÌÎÍ ÐÊ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí E-mail: kkairati@mail.ru Âïåðâûå èçó÷åíà âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ ïðèðîäíûõ öåîëèòîâ Øàíêàíàéñêîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ (Êàçàõñòàí) â êà÷åñòâå êàòàëèçàòîðîâ äëÿ êðåêèíãà òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïàðàôèíà â àëüôà-îëåôèíû. Íà êàòàëèçàòîðàõ, ïîëó÷åííûõ äâóõñòóïåí÷àòîé îáðàáîòêîé öåîëèòà ñíà÷àëà ìèíåðàëüíîé, çàòåì îðãàíè÷åñêîé êèñëîòàìè, êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëÿåò óäàëèòü äî 80 % Fe 2 O 3 èç ïðèðîäíîãî îáðàçöà, ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ êîíâåðñèÿ ïàðàôèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò 56,0 % ïðè âûõîäå öåëåâîãî ïðîäóêòà 31,9 %. Â êà÷åñòâå îáúåêòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ â íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòå âçÿò öåîëèò Øàíêàíàéñêîãî ìåñòîðîæäåíèÿ. Ìèíåðàëüíàÿ ôîðìà – êëèíîïòèëîëèò (Êë), äîëÿ êîòîðîãî â ïîðîäå äî 84 % ìàñ. Òâåðäîñòü ïî øêàëå Ìîîñà 4,5. Åìêîñòü êàòèîííîãî îáìåíà - 0,68-0,70 ìã-ýêâ/ã. Íàñûïíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü 1,17-1,32 ã/ñì 3 ; ìåõàíè÷åñêàÿ ïðî÷íîñòü íà ðàçäàâëèâàíèå – 190-210 êã/ñì 3 ; èñòèðàåìîñòü 0,007-0,17 %; âèáðîèçíîñ ìåíåå 1 %; âîäîñòîéêîñòü áîëåå 90 %. Îáùàÿ ïîðèñòîñòü 25-28 %. Ñîïóòñòâóþùèå ìèíåðàëû: êâàðö è ïîëåâîé øïàò â ñóììå 24-30 %; ãëèíèñòûå ìèíåðàëû 3-6 %: äîëîìèò 0,5- 2 %. Îêñèäíûé ñîñòàâ, %: SiO 2 - 57-65,0; Àl 2 O 3 – 8,5; Na 2 O – 2,0-2,3; CaO – 4,6; MgO – 2,5-3,4; Fe 2 O 3 – 6,0-10,2. Ñîîòíîøåíèå SiO 2 /Àl 2 O 3 - 13,5. Ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûå ôîðìû êëèíîïòèëîëèòà ïîëó÷àëè àêòèâàöèåé ìèíåðàëüíîé êèñëîòîé è òåðìîîáðàáîòêîé àììîíèéíîé ôîðìû. Êèñëîòíàÿ àêòèâàöèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü ïóòåì îáðàáîòêè îáðàçöîâ ñîëÿíîé êèñëîòîé ðàçëè÷íîé êîíöåíòðàöèè (ÍÊë). Óñëîâèÿ êèñëîòíîãî ìîäèôèöèðîâàíèÿ: ôðàêöèÿ öåîëèòà 1,5-2,0 ìì, îòíîøåíèå Ò : Æ 1:10 (ìàññ.), òåìïåðàòóðà îáðàáîòêè 94-98 î Ñ, âðåìÿ êîíòàêòèðîâàíèÿ äî 10 ÷àñîâ. Êîíöåíòðàöèþ ñîëÿíîé êèñëîòû âàðüèðîâàëè â ïðåäåëàõ îò 0,5 äî 10 í. Âëèÿíèå êèñëîòíîé àêòèâàöèè íà ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà ïðèðîäíûõ öåîëèòîâ èçó÷åíî õèìè÷åñêèì, ÈÊ-ñïåêòðîñêîïè÷åñêèì è ðåíòãåíîãðàôè÷åñêèì ìåòîäàìè. 174
Page 1 and 2:
Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4:
Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
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SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
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ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
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Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
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ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
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ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
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ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
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MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
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PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
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ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
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Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
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êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
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ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
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ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
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ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
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÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
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Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
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Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
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ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
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ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
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ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
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ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
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ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
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ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
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ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
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ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
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ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
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îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
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ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
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ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
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Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
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Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
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Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
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ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
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Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
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óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
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åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
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í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
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ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
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×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
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Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
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ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
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ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
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ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
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ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
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Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
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âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
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êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
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ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
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Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
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50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
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ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
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êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
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èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
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ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133: ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135: Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137: ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141: ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143: Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
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Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161: ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165: ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
Page 166 and 167: Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169: â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173: ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 176 and 177: Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
Page 178 and 179: ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181: ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183: Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
Page 186 and 187: ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
Page 188 and 189: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193: óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195: ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197: ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
Page 198 and 199: CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
Page 200 and 201: Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203: ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205: óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
Page 206 and 207: ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
Page 208 and 209: ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
Page 210 and 211: ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
Page 212 and 213: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
Page 214 and 215: ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
Page 216 and 217: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
Page 218 and 219: ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
Page 220 and 221: ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
Page 222 and 223: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
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Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
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àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
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ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
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ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
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ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
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ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
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Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
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CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
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CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
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CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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