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Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàáîòêè ïðÿìîãîííîãî áåíçèíà íà ÊÒ-22 ïðè Ðí 2 =2 ÌÏà, Í 2 :ñûðüå = 200, Ò=400 î Ñ è ñêîðîñòè ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 5 ÷àñ -1 , îêòàíîâîå ÷èñëî ïî è.ì., çà îäèí ïðîõîä ñûðüÿ, ïîâûøàåòñÿ íà 16,8 ïóíêòà è ðàâíî 56,8. Âûõîä ãèäðîïåðåðàáîòàííîãî áåíçèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò 99,0 %. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñâîéñòâ ïîëèôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ÊÒ-22 è ÊÒ-23 ïîçâîëÿþò ïðåäïîëàãàòü âîçìîæíîñòü èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ äëÿ ãèäðîïåðåðàáîòêè ïðÿìîãîííîãî áåíçèíà ñ öåëüþ ïðîèçâîäñòâà êîìïîíåíòîâ âûñîêîîêòàíîâûõ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ òîïëèâ ñ íèçêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì àðîìàòè÷åñêèõ ñîåäèíåíèé è ñåðû. 79
ÎÊÈÑËÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÀÌÌÎÍÎËÈÇ ÌÎÍÎ- , ÄÈ- , ÒÐÈ- È ÒÅÒÐÀÌÅÒÈËÁÅÍÇÎËÎÂ ÍÀ ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÂÀÍÀÄÈÉÎÊÑÈÄÍÛÕ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÀÒÎÐÀÕ Ñåìáàåâ Ä.Õ., Âîðîáüåâ Ï.Á., Ñàóðàìáàåâà Ë.È., Ãàáäóëëèíà Ë.Ô., ×óõíî Í.È. ÄÃÏ “ÈÕÍ èì. À.Á. Áåêòóðîâà“ ÐÃÏ “ÖÕÒÈ” ÌÎÍ ÐÊ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí E-mail: dauren.sb@mail.ru Èçó÷åíî âëèÿíèå ðåàêöèîííîé ñðåäû, õèìè÷åñêîãî è ôàçîâîãî ñîñòàâà êàòàëèçàòîðîâ íà îñíîâå V 2 O 5 è îêñèäîâ Al, Ti, Zr, Sn íà èõ àêòèâíîñòü è ñåëåêòèâíîñòü â ðåàêöèè îêèñëèòåëüíîãî àììîíîëèçà ìåòèëáåíçîëîâ â íèòðèëû è èìèäû àðîìàòè÷åñêèõ êàðáîíîâûõ êèñëîò − ñûðüå äëÿ áåíçîãóàíàìèíîâûõ ñìîë, òåðìîñòîéêèõ ïîëèìåðîâ è ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõ âåùåñòâ. Êàòàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà V 2 O 5 −TiO 2 îáëàäàåò âûñîêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòüþ â ïðîöåññàõ îêèñëèòåëüíîãî àììîíîëèçà ìåòèëáåíçîëîâ, îáåñïå÷èâàÿ ïîëó÷åíèå áåíçîíèòðèëà èç òîëóîëà, èçîôòàëîíèòðèëà èç ì-êñèëîëà, òåðåôòàëîíèòðèëà èç ï-êñèëîëà. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî â ïðîöåññå ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ è ýêñïëóàòàöèè V−Ti−O−êàòàëèçàòîðà â åãî ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ ñëîÿõ ôîðìèðóåòñÿ íåïðåðûâíûé ðÿä òâåðäûõ ðàñòâîðîâ çàìåùåíèÿ VO 2 −TiO 2 . Àêòèâíîñòü è ñåëåêòèâíîñòü êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ñ îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì V 2 O 5 îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñîîòíîøåíèåì òâåðäîãî ðàñòâîðà è ñâîáîäíîãî V 2 O 5 . Íàïðèìåð, ïðè îêèñëèòåëüíîì àììîíîëèçå î-êñèëîëà íà êàòàëèçàòîðàõ ýòîé ãðóïïû îñíîâíûì ïðîäóêòîì ðåàêöèè áûë ôòàëèìèä. Ñïåöèàëüíûìè îïûòàìè ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî èñòî÷íèêîì ôòàëèìèäà ìîæåò áûòü ôòàëîíèòðèë, êîòîðûé îáðàçóåò ñ V 2 O 5 ïîâåðõíîñòíûé ôòàëîöèàíèíîâûé êîìïëåêñ, ðàñïàäàþùèéñÿ â ïðèñóòñòâèè êèñëîðîäà è ïàðîâ âîäû ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì ôòàëèìèäà. Äëÿ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ñ íèçêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì V 2 O 5 (ìåíüøå 20 % â èñõîäíîé ñìåñè) õàðàêòåðåí ÷àñòè÷íûé ðàñïàä òâåðäîãî ðàñòâîðà ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì ñâîáîäíîãî V 2 O 3 . Â ýòîì ñëó÷àå êàòàëèòè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà ñèñòåìû çàâèñÿò îò ñîîòíîøåíèÿ òâåðäîãî ðàñòâîðà è V 2 O 3 . Íà òàêèõ êîíòàêòàõ èç î-êñèëîëà ñ âûñîêîé ñåëåêòèâíîñòüþ ïîëó÷åíû î-òîëóíèòðèë è ôòàëîíèòðèë. Ïðè îêèñëèòåëüíîì àììîíîëèçå 1,3,5-òðèìåòèëáåíçîëà íà V−Ti−O− êàòàëèçàòîðàõ ïîëó÷àåòñÿ ñìåñü ìîíî-, äè- è òðèíèòðèëîâ. Â ìÿãêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ñ âûõîäîì 44 ìîë. % ïîëó÷åí 3,5-äèìåòèëáåíçîíèòðèë. Ïðè îêèñëèòåëüíîì àììîíîëèçå 1,2,4-òðèìåòèëáåíçîëà â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñîñòàâà êàòàëèçàòîðà è 80
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Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4:
Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
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SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
Page 8 and 9:
ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 10 and 11:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
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Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
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ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
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ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
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ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
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MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
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PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
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ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
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Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
Page 30 and 31: êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
Page 32 and 33: ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
Page 34 and 35: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
Page 36 and 37: ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
Page 38 and 39: ÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
Page 40 and 41: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
Page 42 and 43: Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
Page 44 and 45: Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
Page 46 and 47: ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
Page 48 and 49: ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
Page 50 and 51: ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
Page 52 and 53: ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
Page 54 and 55: ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
Page 56 and 57: ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
Page 58 and 59: ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
Page 60 and 61: ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
Page 62 and 63: ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
Page 64 and 65: îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
Page 66 and 67: ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
Page 68 and 69: ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 70 and 71: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
Page 72 and 73: Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
Page 74 and 75: Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
Page 76 and 77: Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
Page 78 and 79: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
Page 82 and 83: óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
Page 84 and 85: åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
Page 86 and 87: í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
Page 88 and 89: ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
Page 90 and 91: ×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
Page 92 and 93: Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
Page 94 and 95: ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
Page 96 and 97: ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
Page 98 and 99: ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
Page 100 and 101: ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
Page 102 and 103: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
Page 104 and 105: Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
Page 106 and 107: âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
Page 108 and 109: êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
Page 110 and 111: ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
Page 112 and 113: Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115: 50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119: êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121: èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123: ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
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ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
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ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
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Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
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ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
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ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
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ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
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Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
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îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
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Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
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äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
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Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
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ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
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ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
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ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
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ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
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ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
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ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
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ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
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Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
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â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
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Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
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ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
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Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
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Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
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ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
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ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
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Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
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ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
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ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
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ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
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ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
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óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
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ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
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ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
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CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
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Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
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ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
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óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
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ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
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ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
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ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
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ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
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ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
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ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
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ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
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ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
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Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
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àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
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ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
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ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
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ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
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ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
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Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
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CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
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CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
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CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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