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Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñîðáöèÿ êèñëîðîäà íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàëèçàòîðà íåçíà÷èòåëüíà, îäíàêî ïîâåðõíîñòíûå êèñëîðîäñîäåðæàùèå öåíòðû ïðèíèìàþò ó÷àñòèå â îáðàçîâàíèè ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ ðåàêöèîííûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Êàêèõ-ëèáî ïîëîñ ïîãëîùåíèÿ, ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ ïîâåðõíîñòíûì êîìïëåêñàì, îáðàçóþùèìñÿ ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè àöåòàòíûõ è íèòðèòíèòðàòíûõ ñòðóêòóð îáíàðóæèòü íå óäàëîñü. 165
ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÎÃÎ ÒÎÏËÈÂÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈÅÉ ÑÌÅÑÈ ËÅÃÊÈÕ ÓÃËÅÂÎÄÎÐÎÄÎÂ Çàêóìáàåâà Ã.Ä., Òîêòàáàåâà Í.Ô., Êóáàøåâà À.Æ., Ãîðáà÷åâà Ë.Â. Èíñòèòóò îðãàíè÷åñêîãî êàòàëèçà è ýëåêòðîõèìèè èì. Ä.Â. Ñîêîëüñêîãî ÌÎÍ ÐÊ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí Å-mail: orgcat@nursat.kz Èçó÷åíî ïðåâðàùåíèå ñìåñè íèçøèõ àëêàíîâ è îëåôèíîâ â ïðèñóòñòâèè öåîëèòñîäåðæàùèõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ, ïðîìîòèðîâàííûõ öåðèåì. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî àêòèâíîñòü êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ïðåâðàùåíèÿ êîìïîíåíòîâ ñìåñè â æèäêèå óãëåâîäîðîäû çàâèñèò îò ñîñòàâà êàòàëèçàòîðà è òåìïåðàòóðû ïðîöåññà. Ñèíòåçèðîâàí ïîëèôóíêöèîíàëüíûé êàòàëèçàòîð ïðåâðàùåíèÿ ñìåñè ïåíòàíà è ýòèëåíà â áåíçèíîâóþ ôðàêöèþ ñ âûõîäîì 60 %. Íàëè÷èå â êàòàëèçàòîðå öåðèÿ ñíèæàåò ïðîöåññ êîêñîîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Êàòàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ïåðåðàáîòêà íèçêîìîëåêóëÿðíûõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âàæíûì íàïðàâëåíèåì íåôòåõèìèè, ïîçâîëÿþùèì ïîëó÷àòü öåííûå ìîíîìåðû, àðîìàòè÷åñêèå óãëåâîäîðîäû è âûñîêîîêòàíîâûå êîìïîíåíòû áåíçèíîâ èç äîñòóïíîãî ñûðüÿ. Ñîçäàíèå êàòàëèçàòîðîâ è ïðîöåññîâ äëÿ ïåðåðàáîòêè íèçøèõ ïàðàôèíîâ è îëåôèíîâ, âõîäÿùèõ â ñîñòàâ ïðèðîäíîãî, ïîïóòíîãî íåôòÿíîãî è îòõîäÿùèõ ãàçîâ ÍÏÇ, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïåðâîî÷åðåäíóþ çàäà÷ó ñîâðåìåííîé õèìè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè â ñâÿçè ñ íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ ýôôåêòèâíîé óòèëèçàöèè ãàçîîáðàçíûõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ è çàùèòû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû. Â ðàáîòå èñïîëüçîâàëè öåîëèòñîäåðæàùèå ñèñòåìû òèïà HZSM, ïðîìîòèðîâàííûå öåðèåì ðàçëè÷íîé êîíöåíòðàöèè (0,1 – 1,0 %). Êàòàëèçàòîðû èñïûòûâàëè â ïðîòî÷íîé óñòàíîâêå ïðè àòìîñôåðíîì äàâëåíèè è âàðüèðîâàíèè óñëîâèé ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïðîöåññà. Â êà÷åñòâå ñûðüÿ èñïîëüçîâàëè ðåàëüíûé ñæèæåííûé íåôòÿíîé ãàç (ÑÍÃ), ñîñòîÿùèé èç Ñ 3 – Ñ 4 – àëêàíîâ, à òàêæå ñìåñè ÑÍÃ + ïåíòàí, ÑÍÃ + ãåêñàí è ýòèëåí + ïåíòàí. Êîíâåðñèÿ èñõîäíîãî ñûðüÿ ïîâûøàåòñÿ ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû íà ïðîìîòèðîâàííûõ öåðèåì êàòàëèçàòîðàõ. Åñëè èñõîäíîå ñûðüå ñîäåðæèò (% ìàñ.): ïðîïàí (30), èçîáóòàí (30) è áóòàí (40), òî æèäêèé ïðîäóêò íà÷èíàåò îáðàçîâûâàòüñÿ ïðè 550 î Ñ, êîíâåðñèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 25 %. Ïðè íàëè÷èè â èñõîäíîì ñûðüå ïðîïèëåíà (3 % ìàñ.) è èçîáóòèëåíà (8 % ìàñ.) æèäêàÿ ôàçà ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðè 500 î Ñ è â ïðîäóêòàõ ðåàêöèè âîçðàñòàåò äîëÿ òîëóîëà (36 %) è ýòèëáåíçîëà (42 %). Êîíâåðñèÿ ñûðüÿ 21 %. Äîáàâêà (1:1) % ïåíòàíà (ãåêñàíà) 166
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Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
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Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
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SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
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ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
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Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
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ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
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ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
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ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
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MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
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PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
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ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
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Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
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êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
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ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
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ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
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ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
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÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
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Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
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Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
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ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
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ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
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ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
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ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
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ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
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ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
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ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
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ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
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ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
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îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
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ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
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ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
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Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
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Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
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Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
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ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
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Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
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óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
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åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
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í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
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ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
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×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
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Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
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ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
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ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
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ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
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ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
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Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
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âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
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êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
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ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
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Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
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50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
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Page 118 and 119: êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121: èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
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Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
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Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
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Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
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Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
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Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
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Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165: ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
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Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
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Page 174 and 175: Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 176 and 177: Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
Page 178 and 179: ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181: ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183: Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
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Page 188 and 189: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193: óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195: ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197: ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
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Page 200 and 201: Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203: ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205: óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
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Page 212 and 213: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
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ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
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ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
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ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
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Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
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àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
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ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
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ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
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ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
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ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
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Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
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CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
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CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
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CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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