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ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû. Ïðè 400 î Ñ íà Ni-êàòàëèçàòîðå ñ PW 12 êîëè÷åñòâî Ñ 1 -Ñ 3 -óãëåâîäîðîäîâ äîñòèãàåò 77,3 %. Âëèÿíèå ïðèðîäû ÃÏÊ íà íàïðàâëåíèå ïðåâðàùåíèÿ í-ãåêñàíà îáóñëîâëåíî ôîðìèðîâàíèåì êèñëîòíûõ öåíòðîâ ðàçëè÷íîé ñèëû ïðè ââåäåíèè ÃÏÊ, ÷òî áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ìåòîäîì ÒÏÄ NH 3 . Ìåòîäîì ÁÝÒ íàéäåíî òàêæå ñóùåñòâåííîå èçìåíåíèå ñòðóêòóðíûõ ñâîéñòâ Ni-êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ ÃÏÊ. Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. Í. À. Çàêàðèíà, Í. Á. Ôàçëèääèíîâà, À. Ã. Àêêóëîâ //Íåôòåõèìèÿ, 2002. Ò.42. ¹2.Ñ. 118-122. 163
ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÅ ÂÎÑÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÈÅ NO x ÏÐÎÏÀÍÎÌ ÍÀ ÏÐÎÌÛØËÅÍÍÎÌ Ni-Cr ÎÊÑÈÄÍÎÌ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÀÒÎÐÅ Çàêèðîâà À.Ã., Ìàñòþíèíà Ò.Í., Ìàòûøàê Â.À. 1 , Áóðäåéíàÿ Ò.Í., Òðåòüÿêîâ Â.Ô., Áàõòèÿðîâ Ì.Í., Ìèòèí À.Ã. Èíñòèòóò íåôòåõèìè÷åñêîãî ñèíòåçà èì. À.Â. Òîï÷èåâà ÐÀÍ, Ìîñêâà 1 Èíñòèòóò õèìè÷åñêîé ôèçèêè èì. Í.Í. Ñåìåíîâà ÐÀÍ, Ìîñêâà E-mail: tretjakov@ips.ac.ru Â íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòå èçó÷åíû ñâîéñòâà ïðîìûøëåííîãî Ni-Cr-îêñèäíîãî êàòàëèçàòîðà ñ öåëüþ èäåíòèôèêàöèè ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ ñîåäèíåíèé, îáðàçóþùèõñÿ ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè åãî ñ êîìïîíåíòàìè ðåàêöèîííîé ñìåñè NO+C 3 H 8 +O 2 è óñòàíîâëåíèÿ èõ ðîëè â ðåàêöèè ñåëåêòèâíîãî êàòàëèòè÷åñêîãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ NO x ïðîïàíîì. Ïðîìûøëåííîñòü, ýíåðãåòèêà è àâòîòðàíñïîðò – ãëàâíûå èñòî÷íèêè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ àòìîñôåðû. Îñíîâíûìè çàãðÿçíÿþùèìè âåùåñòâàìè ïðèíÿòî ñ÷èòàòü ñëåäóþùèå: ÑÎ õ (ÑÎ 2 , ÑÎ), SO x (SO 3 , SO 2 ) è H 2 S, NO x (NO 2 , NO, N 2 O), CH (óãëåâîäîðîäû è èõ ïðîèçâîäíûå), C (ñàæà) è ïûëü. Íàèáîëåå òîêñè÷íûìè èç íèõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ îêñèäû àçîòà. Êàòàëèòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû î÷èòêè â íàèáîëüøåé ñòåïåíè ýôôåêòèâíû äëÿ ýëèìèíèðîâàíèÿ èç âûõëîïíûõ è äûìîâûõ ãàçîâ âûñîêîòîêñè÷íûõ NÎ õ ïóòåì ïðåâðàùåíèÿ èõ â íåòîêñè÷íûé N 2 . Âîññòàíîâëåíèå îêñèäîâ àçîòà ñ ïîìîùüþ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ ìåòîäîâ. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðåâðàùåíèÿ NO íà ïðîìûøëåííîì Ni-Crîêñèäíîì êàòàëèçàòîðå ñîñòàâëÿåò 40 % ïðè 300 o Ñ. 100 %-àÿ êîíâåðñèÿ Ñ 3 Í 8 äîñòèãàåòñÿ ïðè òîé æå òåìïåðàòóðå. Ñ ïîìîùüþ ÈÊ-ñïåêòðîñêîïèè in situ ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïðè àäñîðáöèè NO íà íèêåëü-õðîì-îêñèäíîì êàòàëèçàòîðå îáðàçóþòñÿ òðè òèïà ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ íèòðàò-íèòðèòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ: ìîíîäåíòàòíûé íèòðàò, íèòðèò, ñâÿçàííûé ñ ïîâåðõíîñòüþ àòîìîì àçîòà è ëèíåéíûé íèòðèò. Ñ ïîâûøåíèåì òåìïåðàòóðû íèòðèòíûå êîìïëåêñû ïðåâðàùàþòñÿ â íèòðàòíûå. Â ñïåêòðàõ ïðîïóñêàíèÿ, èçìåðåííûõ ïðè âçàèìîäåéñòâèè ñìåñè 0.5 % C 3 H 8 +2.5 % Î 2 /N 2 ñ ïîâåðõíîñòüþ êàòàëèçàòîðà, íàáëþäàþòñÿ ïîëîñû ïîãëîùåíèÿ, ïðèíàäëåæàùèå àöåòàòíîìó êîìïëåêñó. 164
Page 1 and 2:
Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4:
Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
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SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
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ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
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Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
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ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
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ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
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ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
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MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
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PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
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ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
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Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
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êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
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ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
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ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
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ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
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÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
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Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
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Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
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ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
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ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
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ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
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ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
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ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
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ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
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ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
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ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
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ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
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îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
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ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
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ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
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ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
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Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
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Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
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Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
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ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
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Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
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óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
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åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
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í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
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ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
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×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
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Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
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ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
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ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
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ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
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ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
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Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
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âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
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êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
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ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
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Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115: 50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119: êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121: èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123: ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133: ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135: Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137: ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141: ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143: Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
Page 146 and 147: Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161: ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 166 and 167: Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169: â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173: ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 174 and 175: Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 176 and 177: Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë
Page 178 and 179: ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181: ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183: Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
Page 186 and 187: ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
Page 188 and 189: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193: óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195: ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197: ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
Page 198 and 199: CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
Page 200 and 201: Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203: ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205: óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
Page 206 and 207: ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
Page 208 and 209: ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
Page 210 and 211: ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
Page 212 and 213: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
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ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
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ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
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ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
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ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
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Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
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àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
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ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
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ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
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ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
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ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
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ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
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Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
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CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
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CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
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CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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