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Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíàÿ îöåíêà ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê êîìïîçèöèé íà<br />
îñíîâå ÏÀ-6, ïîëó÷åííûõ â ïðèñóòñòâèè (3 %) íàíîîêñèäîâ àëþìèíèÿ è<br />
òèòàíà (àíàòàç) ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îíè íàõîäÿòñÿ â òåõ æå ïðåäåëàõ<br />
(15-35 òûñ.), êàê è â ñëó÷àå ñ 10 % ìàñ. ?γ-Al 2 O 3 îáû÷íîé äèñïåðñíîñòè.<br />
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî íàíîäèñïåðñíûå íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå<br />
ìàòåðèàëû (íà ïðèìåðå îêñèäîâ ìåòàëëîâ) ìîãóò áûòü ðåêîìåíäîâàíû â<br />
êà÷åñòâå âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûõ íàïîëíèòåëåé è êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ïîëèìåðèçàöèè<br />
ëàêòàìîâ äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ íàïîëíåííûõ ïîëèàìèäîâ ñî ñïåöèàëüíûìè<br />
ñâîéñòâàìè.<br />
226
àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèìè ÷àñòèöàìè ðàçìåðîì ìåíåå 100 íì. Ìåòîäèêà îñíîâàíà íà çàêðåïëåíèè íåîáõîäèìîãî ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæäó ÷àñòèöàìè ïðè ñèíòåçå îêñèäà àëþìèíèÿ èç ñóñïåíçèè íèòðàòà àëþìèíèÿ â ïðèñóòñòâèè ÏÀÂ. Ïîêàçàíî âëèÿíèå êîíöåíòðàöèè ÏÀ (Tween-80, Oktanol-1) íà îñîáåííîñòè çîëü-ãåëü ïðîöåññà ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íàíîîêñèäîâ ìåòàëëîâ (íà ïðèìåðå îêñèäà àëþìèíèÿ). Ïî äàííûì êîìïëåêñíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ ñâîéñòâ íàíîîêñèäîâ àëþìèíèÿ è òèòàíà è àäñîðáöèîííûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé èõ ñ êàïðîëàêòàìîì ïîêàçàíà ðåøàþùàÿ ðîëü óðîâíÿ äèñïåðñíîñòè íà ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ýòèõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ â ïðîöåññå ïîëèìåðèçàöèè. Íà ïðèìåðå íàíîîêñèäîâ, ïîëó÷åííûõ íàìè, à òàêæå êîëëåãàìè èç Ãåðìàíèè (Óíèâåðñèòåò Ôðèäðèõà Øèëëåðà, Éåíà) îñóùåñòâëåíû êèíåòè÷åñêèå ïîëèìåðèçàöèè êàïðîëàêòàìà. èññëåäîâàíèÿ èõ êàòàëèòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè â ïðîöåññå Êîíâåðñèÿ, % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 íàíîîêñèä Al 0 2 4 6 Âðåìÿ, ÷àñ 225 3% 10% îêñèä Al Ðèñ. 1. Çàâèñèìîñòü êàòàëèòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè Al 2 O 3 îò óðîâíÿ äèñïåðñíîñòè. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî èñïîëüçîâàíèå íàíîîêñèäíûõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ïîçâîëÿåò çíà÷èòåëüíî óâåëè÷èòü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü èõ êàòàëèòè÷åñêèõ ôóíêöèé, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ âûñîêèìè çíà÷åíèÿìè ïîâåðõíîñòíîé ýíåðãèè è ïðèðîäîé öåíòðîâ. Ðàññìîòðåíî âëèÿíèå óðîâíÿ äèñïåðñíîñòè è êîíöåíòðàöèè êàòàëèçàòîðîâ îêñèäîâ àëþìèíèÿ è òèòàíà íà ñâîéñòâà ñèíòåçèðîâàííûõ â èõ ïðèñóòñòâèè îáðàçöîâ ïîëèàìèäà-6.
Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíàÿ îöåíêà ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê êîìïîçèöèé íà îñíîâå ÏÀ-6, ïîëó÷åííûõ â ïðèñóòñòâèè (3 %) íàíîîêñèäîâ àëþìèíèÿ è òèòàíà (àíàòàç) ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îíè íàõîäÿòñÿ â òåõ æå ïðåäåëàõ (15-35 òûñ.), êàê è â ñëó÷àå ñ 10 % ìàñ. ?γ-Al 2 O 3 îáû÷íîé äèñïåðñíîñòè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî íàíîäèñïåðñíûå íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå ìàòåðèàëû (íà ïðèìåðå îêñèäîâ ìåòàëëîâ) ìîãóò áûòü ðåêîìåíäîâàíû â êà÷åñòâå âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûõ íàïîëíèòåëåé è êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ëàêòàìîâ äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ íàïîëíåííûõ ïîëèàìèäîâ ñî ñïåöèàëüíûìè ñâîéñòâàìè. 226
Page 1 and 2: Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4: Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
Page 6 and 7: SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
Page 8 and 9: ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 10 and 11: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
Page 12 and 13: Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
Page 14 and 15: ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
Page 16 and 17: ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
Page 18: ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
Page 22 and 23: MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
Page 24 and 25: PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
Page 26 and 27: ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
Page 28 and 29: Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
Page 30 and 31: êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
Page 32 and 33: ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
Page 34 and 35: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
Page 36 and 37: ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
Page 38 and 39: ÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
Page 40 and 41: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
Page 42 and 43: Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
Page 44 and 45: Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
Page 46 and 47: ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
Page 48 and 49: ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
Page 50 and 51: ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
Page 52 and 53: ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
Page 54 and 55: ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
Page 56 and 57: ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
Page 58 and 59: ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
Page 60 and 61: ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
Page 62 and 63: ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
Page 64 and 65: îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
Page 66 and 67: ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
Page 68 and 69: ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 70 and 71: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
Page 72 and 73: Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
Page 74 and 75: Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
Page 76 and 77: Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
Page 78 and 79: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
Page 80 and 81: Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
Page 82 and 83: óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
Page 84 and 85: åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
Page 86 and 87: í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
Page 88 and 89: ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
Page 90 and 91: ×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
Page 92 and 93: Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
Page 94 and 95: ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
Page 96 and 97: ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
Page 98 and 99: ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
Page 100 and 101: ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
Page 102 and 103: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
Page 104 and 105: Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
Page 106 and 107: âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
Page 108 and 109: êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
Page 110 and 111: ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
Page 112 and 113: Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115: 50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119: êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121: èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123: ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125: óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133: ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135: Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137: ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141: ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143: Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
Page 146 and 147: Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161: ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165: ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
Page 166 and 167: Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169: â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173: ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 174 and 175: Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 176 and 177: Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîë Page 178 and 179: ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅà Page 180 and 181: ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå Page 182 and 183: Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï Page 184 and 185: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ Page 186 and 187: ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË Page 188 and 189: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í Page 190 and 191: ÊÐÅÊÈÍà ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í Page 192 and 193: óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä Page 194 and 195: ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷ Page 196 and 197: ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà Page 198 and 199: CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ Page 200 and 201: Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå Page 202 and 203: ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè Page 204 and 205: óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ Page 206 and 207: ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö Page 208 and 209: ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë Page 210 and 211: ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË Page 212 and 213: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ Page 214 and 215: ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ Page 216 and 217: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑΠPage 218 and 219: ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ Page 220 and 221: ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ Page 222 and 223: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË Page 224 and 225: Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî Page 228 and 229: ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑΠÓ×À Page 230 and 231: ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè à Page 232 and 233: ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà Page 234 and 235: ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè Page 236 and 237: ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì Page 238 and 239: ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ Page 240 and 241: Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â Page 242 and 243: CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ Page 244 and 245: CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã., Page 246 and 247: CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
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