ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍÈÉ È ÎÑÍÎÂÀÍÈß ËÜÞÈÑÀ, ÊÀÊ ÌÎÄÈÔÈÊÀÒÎÐÛ ÑÂÎÉÑÒ ÃÎÌÎÃÅÍÍÛÕ ÌÅÒÀËËÎÖÅÍÎÂÛÕ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÀÒÎÐΠÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÎËÅÔÈÍΠÁðàâàÿ Í.Ì., Ïàíèí À.Í., ×óêàíîâà Î.Ì., Ôàéíãîëüä Å.Å., Ñàíãèíîâ Å.À. Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì õèìè÷åñêîé ôèçèêè ÐÀÍ, ×åðíîãîëîâêà, Ìîñêîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü E-mail: nbravaya@cat.icp.ac.ru Ìåòàëëîöåíîâûå êàòàëèçàòîðû íà îñíîâå êîìïëåêñîâ ïåðåõîäíûõ ìåòàëëîâ IVB Ãðóïïû íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïîñëåäíèõ 20 ëåò íàõîäÿòñÿ â ôîêóñå âíèìàíèÿ êàê àêàäåìè÷åñêîé íàóêè, òàê è ïðîìûøëåííîñòè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ïîêà îíè íå ñòàëè âåñîìûìè êîíêóðåíòàìè ãåòåðîãåííûì òèòàí-ìàãíèåâûì êàòàëèçàòîðàì, âîçìîæíîñòè, êîòîðûå îíè ïðåäîñòàâëÿþò, ÿâëÿþòñÿ çàëîãîì èõ øèðîêîãî ïðàêòè÷åñêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ. Ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ âûñîêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü, ïðåöèçèîííûé êîíòðîëü ñòåðåîñåëåêòèâíîñòè, êîìïîçèöèîííîãî è ôðàêöèîííîãî ñîñòàâà â ñèíòåçå ãîìî- è ñîïîëèìåðîâ ñ ó÷àñòèåì α-îëåôèíîâ, ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ìàññîâûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïîëèìåðîâ, öåëåíàïðàâëåííûé ñèíòåç äâîéíûõ è òðîéíûõ îëåôèíîâûõ ñîïîëèìåðîâ ñ øèðîêèì êîìïëåêñîì ñâîéñòâ, à òàêæå íîâûõ ïîëèîëåôèíîâ. Ê ñäåðæèâàþùèì ôàêòîðàì ìîæíî îòíåñòè îòñòàâàíèå â ðàçðàáîòêå ýôôåêòèâíûõ èììîáèëèçîâàííûõ ìåòàëëîöåíîâûõ âåðñèé, ïðîÿâëÿþùèõ ñòàáèëüíîå êàòàëèòè÷åñêîå äåéñòâèå è íå ñìûâàþùèõñÿ ñ íîñèòåëÿ â õîäå ïîëèìåðèçàöèè, à òàêæå íåïðàêòè÷íîñòü íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûõ àêòèâàòîðîâ ìåòàëëîöåíîâûõ êîìïëåêñîâ, òàêèõ êàê ïîëèìåòèëàëþìîêñàí (ÌÀÎ) èëè ïåðôòîðôåíèëáîðàòû.  ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì, àêòóàëüíûì îñòàåòñÿ ïîèñê è èññëåäîâàíèå íîâûõ äåøåâûõ è ýôôåêòèâíûõ ñïîñîáîâ àêòèâàöèè è ìîäèôèêàöèè êàòàëèòè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ êàê ãîìîãåííûõ, òàê è èììîáèëèçîâàííûõ ìåòàëëîöåíîâûõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ.  ðàáîòå ïðèâåäåíû ïðèìåðû ðÿäà íîâûõ ïóòåé àêòèâàöèè ãîìîãåííûõ ìåòàëëîöåíîâûõ êàòàëèçàòîðîâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì êîìáèíèðîâàííîãî àêòèâàòîðà, ÌÀÎ/òðèèçîáóòèëàëþìèíèé (ÒÈÁÀ). Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ âîïðîñû, 15
ñâÿçàííûå ñî ñòåïåíüþ ó÷àñòèÿ ÒÈÁÀ â àêòèâàöèè è ìîäèôèêàöèè ñòåðåîñåëåêòèâíîñòè ãîìîãåííîé ìåòàëëîöåíîâîé êàòàëèòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû â õîäå ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ïðîïèëåíà. Ïîêàçàíà âîçìîæíîñòü ìîäèôèêàöèè êàòàëèòè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ (àêòèâíîñòü, ñòåðåîñåëåêòèâíîñòü) ãîìîãåííûõ ìåòàëëîöåíîâûõ ñèñòåì ïîä äåéñòâèåì îñíîâàíèé Ëüþèñà. 16
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