More documents

Recommendations

Info

Èç ïðèðîäíîãî öåîëèòà â âûøåîïèñàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ ñèíòåçèðîâàíû åãî ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûå îáðàçöû – ÍÊë-1, ÍÊë-2, ÍÊë-3 è ÍÊë-4, êîòîðûå èñïîëüçîâàëè â êà÷åñòâå êàòàëèçàòîðîâ êðåêèíãà. Èçó÷àëè âëèÿíèå ñïîñîáà àêòèâàöèè öåîëèòîâ íà èõ àêòèâíîñòü â êðåêèíãå òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïàðàôèíà (ñ òåìïåðàòóðîé ïëàâëåíèÿ 55 î Ñ), à òàêæå âëèÿíèå òåìïåðàòóðû ïðîöåññà è ìàññîâîé ñêîðîñòè ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ íà îáùóþ êîíâåðñèþ ñûðüÿ è âûõîä öåëåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, â êà÷åñòâå êîòîðûõ âûñòóïàþò àëüôà-îëåôèíû. Êðåêèíã òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïàðàôèíà îñóùåñòâëÿëè â òðóá÷àòîì ðåàêòîðå ïðîòî÷íîãî òèïà ñî ñòàöèîíàðíûì ñëîåì êàòàëèçàòîðà. Îáúåì êàòàëèçàòîðà 5 ñì 3 , òåìïåðàòóðó êðåêèíãà ìåíÿëè îò 400 äî 540 - 570 î Ñ, ìàññîâóþ ñêîðîñòü ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ – 2 è 4 ÷àñ -1 . Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü îïûòà 30 ìèí. Ðåãåíåðàöèþ êàòàëèçàòîðà ïðîâîäèëè ïîñëå êàæäîãî îïûòà â òîêå ñóõîãî âîçäóõà â òå÷åíèå 3 ÷àñîâ ïðè 600 î Ñ. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ïðîäóêòàìè êðåêèíãà ïàðàôèíà íà ñèíòåçèðîâàííûõ êàòàëèçàòîðàõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ: æèäêàÿ ôðàêöèÿ, ñîäåðæàùàÿ íåïðåâðàùåííûé ïàðàôèí; ãàçîîáðàçíûå óãëåâîäîðîäû – êðåêèíã-ãàçû è êîêñ îò 1,0 äî 2,3 %. Æèäêèå ôðàêöèè ïîäâåðãàëè âàêóóìíîé äèñòèëëÿöèè ñ ïîëó÷åíèåì îëåôèíñîäåðæàùèõ ôðàêöèé (öåëåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ), âûêèïàþùèõ äî 320 î Ñ è êóáîâîãî îñòàòêà. Ïîëó÷åííûå öåëåâûå ïðîäóêòû õàðàêòåðèçîâàëè ïî ïîêàçàòåëþ ïðåëîìëåíèÿ, ñîäåðæàíèå íåïðåäåëüíûõ óãëåâîäîðîäîâ îïðåäåëÿëè ïî áðîìíîìó ÷èñëó. Èíäèâèäóàëüíûé óãëåâîäîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ îïðåäåëÿëè ìåòîäîì ÃÆÕ íà õðîìàòîãðàôå «Hawlett Packard». Â òàáëèöå ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñðàâíèòåëüíûå äàííûå ïî êàòàëèòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ â ðàçëè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ öåîëèòîâ â êðåêèíãå òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïàðàôèíà. Êàòàëèçàòîð Ò, î Ñ Âûõîä öåëåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, % Êîíâåðñèÿ, % Ñîäåðæàíèå îëåôèíîâ, % Áðîìíîå ÷èñëî ÍÊë-1 540 16,8 41,2 70,5 113,0 ÍÊë-2 540 26,0 56,8 74,6 84,9 ÍÊë-3 530 19,0 33,7 72,9 53,4 ÍÊë-4 540 31,9 56,0 65,7 60,0 175
Ðåçóëüòàòû ïîçâîëÿþò çàêëþ÷èòü, ÷òî êàòàëèòè÷åñêàÿ àêòèâíîñòü ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ öåîëèòîâ â ïðåâðàùåíèè ñìåñè òâåðäûõ í-àëêàíîâ óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ â ðÿäó: ÍÊë-4 > ÍÊë-2 > ÍÊë-1 > ÍÊë-3 è çàâèñèò îò ñïîñîáà ìîäèôèöèðîâàíèÿ, âëèÿþùåãî íà õèìè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ è ñòðóêòóðó ìèíåðàëà. Òàê, âûõîä àëüôà-îëåôèíîâ â 2 ðàçà âûøå íà êàòàëèçàòîðå, ïîëó÷åííîì îáðàáîòêîé îðãàíè÷åñêîé êèñëîòîé – ÍÊë-4, â êîòîðîì ñîäåðæàíèå îêñèäà æåëåçà ìèíèìàëüíî – 1,2 % ìàññ. Ïðîäóêòû ñîñòîÿò â îñíîâíîì èç àëüôà-îëåôèíîâ Ñ 10 -Ñ 16 , êîòîðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîëóïðîäóêòàìè äëÿ ñèíòåçà áàçîâûõ ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ìàñåë. 176
Page 1 and 2:
Èíñòèòóò êàòàëèçà
Page 3 and 4:
Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôå
Page 6 and 7:
SINGLE SITE CATALYSTS - IDEAL MODEL
Page 8 and 9:
ÑÒÀÁÈËÈÇÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 10 and 11:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÎ
Page 12 and 13:
Ñðàâíåíèå äèíàìèêè
Page 14 and 15:
ÐÎËÜ ÍÎÑÈÒÅËÅÉ Â ÔÎ
Page 16 and 17:
ÒÐÈÈÇÎÁÓÒÈËÀËÞÌÈÍ
Page 18:
ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ
Page 22 and 23:
MOLECULAR DESIGN OF NEW TYPE OF CAT
Page 24 and 25:
PALLADIUM AND COBALT CATALYZED OXID
Page 26 and 27:
ÍÎÂÛÉ ÏÎÄÕÎÄ Ê ÔÎÐÌ
Page 28 and 29:
Èîííûé îáìåí Al 2O 3 2+
Page 30 and 31:
êîòîðûõ èììîáèëèçî
Page 32 and 33:
ïðèâåäøàÿ ê ñîçäàí
Page 34 and 35:
ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÇ
Page 36 and 37:
ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ÷àñò
Page 38 and 39:
÷òî äåôåêòû ýòîãî â
Page 40 and 41:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀ
Page 42 and 43:
Ñîäåðæàíèå äèîêñèä
Page 44 and 45:
Òàáë. 1. Äàííûå õåìî
Page 46 and 47:
ñëàáîñâÿçàííîì ñîñ
Page 48 and 49:
ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè, âå
Page 50 and 51:
ÑÅËÅÊÒÈÂÍÀß ÎÊÈÑËÈ
Page 52 and 53:
ÌÎÄÈÔÈÖÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀË
Page 54 and 55:
ãèäðîîêèñüþ àëþìèí
Page 56 and 57:
ïðîìûñëîâûõ ìèíè-Í
Page 58 and 59:
ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÆÈÄÊÈÕ Ó
Page 60 and 61:
ÈÇÎÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÓÃËÅÂ
Page 62 and 63:
ÊÀÒÀËÈÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÅ
Page 64 and 65:
îáðàçîâàíèÿ öèêëîï
Page 66 and 67:
ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîå ï
Page 68 and 69:
ÈÍÒÅÐÊÀËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÅ
Page 70 and 71:
ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ Ñ 10 -Ñ 15 - ÀË
Page 72 and 73:
Â ÈÊ- ñïåêòðàõ àäñî
Page 74 and 75:
Ïî âëèÿíèþ íà êàòàë
Page 76 and 77:
Ïðåîáëàäàþùèìè ïðè
Page 78 and 79:
ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ Í
Page 80 and 81:
Ïîñëå ãèäðîïåðåðàá
Page 82 and 83:
óñëîâèé ïðîöåññà î
Page 84 and 85:
åå ðåàêöèè. Èìåííî
Page 86 and 87:
í-C 4 H 8 + Pd II + Í 2 Î ⎯⎯
Page 88 and 89:
ïðîäóêòîâ. Íàïðèìå
Page 90 and 91:
×ÈÑËÎ È ÐÅÀÊÖÈÎÍÍÀ
Page 92 and 93:
Äëÿ âñåõ ñèñòåì îïð
Page 94 and 95:
ñèíäèîòàêòè÷åñêèé
Page 96 and 97:
ñâÿçåé è ýêâèâàëåí
Page 98 and 99:
ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ
Page 100 and 101:
ÑÒÅÍÄÎÂÛÅ ÄÎÊËÀÄÛ
Page 102 and 103:
ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÀ
Page 104 and 105:
Ðèñóíîê 2. Äèôôåðåí
Page 106 and 107:
âòîðîé ïî èíòåíñèâ
Page 108 and 109:
êîëåáàíèÿ â ìîñòèê
Page 110 and 111:
ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÎ-ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇ
Page 112 and 113:
Òàáëèöà 2. Ðàñïðåäå
Page 114 and 115:
50 Rate/10 -8 mol g -1 s -1 40 30 2
Page 116 and 117:
ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ È ÈÑÑËÅ
Page 118 and 119:
êèñëîðîäó øïèíåëè C
Page 120 and 121:
èçîìåðèçàöèè í-ãåê
Page 122 and 123:
ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ÔÀÇÎÂÎÃÎ Ñ
Page 124 and 125:
óïëîòíåíèÿ çàïîëíÿ
Page 126 and 127: Ïðèðîäà èñõîäíûõ ñ
Page 128 and 129: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÍÛÅ ÐÎÄÈÉÑÎ
Page 130 and 131: ïðîìîòîðîâ. Â ðàáîò
Page 132 and 133: ôîðìàëüäåãèä, äè- è
Page 134 and 135: Äàëüíåéøàÿ äåãèäðî
Page 136 and 137: ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÐÅÃÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍ
Page 138 and 139: ÑÈÍÒÅÇ È ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀ
Page 140 and 141: ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÎÁÐÀÁÎÒÎÊ
Page 142 and 143: Íàðÿäó ñ óâåëè÷åíè
Page 144 and 145: îáîðîòîâ êàòàëèçàò
Page 146 and 147: Íàìè ðàçðàáîòàí ïð
Page 148 and 149: äî 0,5 ÌÏà. Ôîðìû çàâ
Page 150 and 151: Î ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ ÏÐÅÄÎÒ
Page 152 and 153: ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÊÀÒÀËÈÒ
Page 154 and 155: ÏÐÅÂÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÑÒÈÐÎË
Page 156 and 157: ÆÈÄÊÎÔÀÇÍÀß ÈÇÎÌÅÐ
Page 158 and 159: ÍÅÏÎËÍÎÅ ÎÊÈÑËÅÍÈÅ
Page 160 and 161: ÍÀÍÎÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÊÀ
Page 162 and 163: ÃÈÄÐÎÊÎÍÂÅÐÑÈß Í-Ã
Page 164 and 165: ðàñòåò ñ ïîâûøåíèå
Page 166 and 167: Èíäèâèäóàëüíàÿ àäñ
Page 168 and 169: â ÑÍÃ ñíèæàåò òåìïå
Page 170 and 171: Ïðîöåññ áèôîðìèíãà
Page 172 and 173: ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÊÀÒÀ
Page 174 and 175: Ïîâûøåíèå äàâëåíèÿ
Page 178 and 179: ÄÅÃÈÄÐÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ËÅÃ
Page 180 and 181: ðîäèåâûå è ðóòåíèå
Page 182 and 183: Òàáëèöà 1. Âëèÿíèå ï
Page 184 and 185: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅ
Page 186 and 187: ÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÄÈÑÒÈË
Page 188 and 189: ÃÈÄÐÎÏÅÐÅÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ í
Page 190 and 191: ÊÐÅÊÈÍÃ ÒßÆÅËÎÃÎ Í
Page 192 and 193: óãëåðîäà â äèîêñèä
Page 194 and 195: ïîäà÷è ñûðüÿ 1,0-1,5 ÷
Page 196 and 197: ëîêàëèçîâàííûå íà
Page 198 and 199: CÓËÜÔÎÊÀÒÈÎÍÈÒÛ ÍÀ
Page 200 and 201: Ïðè íàëè÷èè â ñèñòå
Page 202 and 203: ãåêñàäåêàíîë-2 (ïðè
Page 204 and 205: óñëîâèÿ îêèñëåíèÿ
Page 206 and 207: ãàçîâ òåðìîäåñîðáö
Page 208 and 209: ïîëèìåðèçàöèè ýòèë
Page 210 and 211: ÊÀÒÀËÈÇÈÐÓÅÌÎÅ ÏÀË
Page 212 and 213: ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÂËÈßÍ
Page 214 and 215: ÄÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈËÅÍ
Page 216 and 217: ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÎÂ
Page 218 and 219: ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÂÍÓÒ
Page 220 and 221: ÃÎÌÎ - È ÑÎÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈ
Page 222 and 223: ÏÎËÈÌÅÐÈÇÀÖÈß ÝÒÈË
Page 224 and 225: Ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ìåòî
Page 226 and 227:
àìîðôíûìè è êðèñòà
Page 228 and 229:
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ÀÄÐÅÑÎÂ Ó×À
Page 230 and 231:
ÃÐÈÃÎÐÜÅÂÀ Íåëëè Ã
Page 232 and 233:
ÊÀÐÛÌÎÂÀ Ðàøèäà Õà
Page 234 and 235:
ÌÓÍØÈÅÂÀ Ìèíà Êåðè
Page 236 and 237:
ÓÑÌÀÍÎÂÀ Ìàíçóðà Ì
Page 238 and 239:
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛ
Page 240 and 241:
Ñåêöèÿ II Êàòàëèç â
Page 242 and 243:
CÄ-I-3 CÄ-I-4 CÄ-I-5 CÄ-I-6 CÄ
Page 244 and 245:
CÄ-II-10 Çàêèðîâà À.Ã.,
Page 246 and 247:
CÄ-III-4 Ìèêåíàñ T.Á., Å
show all

ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

ÐÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ°Ñ...