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Gestão Ambiental e Negociação de Conflitos em Unidades ... - Sema

Gestão Ambiental e Negociação de Conflitos em Unidades ... - Sema

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AbstractThe opening of totally protected conservational units can bring forthsocial impacts to local people, especially the poorest ones. The presentpaper tries to i<strong>de</strong>ntify the possible conflicts that will be <strong>de</strong>rived from theopening of Ronda Municipal Natural Park in the town district of São Francisco<strong>de</strong> Paula, Rio Gran<strong>de</strong> do Sul, Brazil. We have interviewed 138 locals, oversome time and space, in or<strong>de</strong>r to verify how the people directly affectedby the Park were actually reacting to it, especially over the use of naturalresources. The following conflicting probl<strong>em</strong>s have been i<strong>de</strong>ntified: lack ofcorrect waste and sewer <strong>de</strong>stination, what affects water quality; r<strong>em</strong>ovalof wood and hazel for fire making; collection of seeds from Araucaria angustifolia;<strong>de</strong>foresting; ungui<strong>de</strong>d touring for sightseeing; different animalsbreeding insi<strong>de</strong> the area; insecurity of the land owners and other resi<strong>de</strong>ntsabout the money restitution and their <strong>de</strong>stination or where they will betransferred to when time comes. Some conflict manag<strong>em</strong>ent actions canbe suggested, such as: formal registration of pinion (Araucaria angustifolia)seeds collectors and <strong>de</strong>termination of restricted area for such a collection;supply seedings of Mimosa scabrela for fuel wood production or give outfree gas ticket; set up land situation; and, monitor water quality in the areaof the future park. Making a participative manag<strong>em</strong>ent plan for the newconservational unit can easy its administrative and manag<strong>em</strong>ent process.Key words: Natural Park, local people, conflicts, agre<strong>em</strong>ents.1. IntroduçãoAo pensar <strong>em</strong> meio ambiente, l<strong>em</strong>bramos da natureza, dos ciclos biológicos,da biodiversida<strong>de</strong>. Numa visão sócio-ambiental, po<strong>de</strong>-se perceberque o meio ambiente é b<strong>em</strong> mais do que isso. Segundo CARVALHO (2004),o meio ambiente é: “[...] um campo <strong>de</strong> interações entre a cultura, a socieda<strong>de</strong>e base física e biológica dos processos vitais, no qual todos os termos<strong>de</strong>ssa relação se modificam dinâmica e mutuamente”.Nesta perspectiva, precisamos consi<strong>de</strong>rar os princípios e fundamentossociais expressos na Constituição Fe<strong>de</strong>ral (CF) <strong>de</strong> 1988, a qual estabelece,no seu Art. 225, que: “todos t<strong>em</strong> direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamenteequilibrado, b<strong>em</strong> <strong>de</strong> uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualida<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong> vida”. A CF também <strong>de</strong>termina que compete “ao Po<strong>de</strong>r Público e à coletivida<strong>de</strong>o <strong>de</strong>ver <strong>de</strong> preservá-lo para as presentes e as futuras gerações”.Observa-se que tanto o Estado quanto o povo t<strong>em</strong> a obrigação <strong>de</strong> preservaro meio on<strong>de</strong> viv<strong>em</strong>. Entretanto, muitas vezes o meio ambiente, apesar124

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