Gestão Ambiental e Negociação de Conflitos em Unidades ... - Sema

AbstractRoad building is considered to be responsible for landscape degradation,while being hit by vehicles is considered to be the main anthropiccause of wildlife direct mortality. In this chapter, we present the results ofa one-year monitoring of road killings on Rota do Sol highway, and discusssome relevant approaches to mitigate such impact. Throughout themonitoring period, the number of wild animals being run over by vehiclesvaried throughout the year, with one high peak of amphibian road killingand the major road killing of all the groups of vertebrates occurring duringspring and summer. Independently of the chosen scale, the evaluation ofits spatial distribution has indicated that road killings of wild animals are aggregated.The main hotspots where the most number of animals are foundrun over are concentrated in the lowlands, with some of the hotspots superimposedwith the so called area of Mata Paludosa Biological Reserve,where there are three fauna underpasses. These results point at the factthat even though there are underpasses, the animals are still crossing theroads; thus leading to the necessity of implementing radar speed vehiclecontrollers. In any road there are many situations to which mitigation hasto be adjusted. Knowledge gaps indicated in this chapter demonstrate theneed of long-term monitoring programs that allow evaluation of measuresalready implemented and the planning of new mitigation strategies.Key words – Road killing hotspots, spatial distribution, mitigation measures,road ecology1. IntroduçãoNeste capítulo apresentamos os resultados de um estudo desenvolvidona Rota do Sol entre 2009 e 2010, no qual monitoramos os animais atropeladosna rodovia, visando à identificação dos locais com maior númerode atropelamentos. A partir dos resultados discutimos algumas abordagensrelevantes para a minimização desse conflito com a fauna silvestre. Primeiramente,apresentaremos uma breve revisão dos impactos de rodovias sobrea fauna silvestre no mundo e das estratégias utilizadas para sua mitigação.1.1 Impactos de rodovias sobre a vida silvestreRodovias são responsáveis por conectar as populações humanas dediferentes locais, dando acesso a uma grande variedade de recursos, e sãofundamentais no atual contexto socioeconômico da maioria da populaçãohumana (PERZ et al., 2008). Entretanto, a construção de estradas é também76