Gestão Ambiental e Negociação de Conflitos em Unidades ... - Sema

AbstractMany of the environmental conflicts reported in the present book aredue to the lack of money restitution or any other kind of reparation madefor the loss of land of the owners that live in lands chosen and later designedto become totally protected conservational units (CU). The reasons forthis are: 1) lack of documentation (or extreme bureaucracy); 2) lack of planning;3) poor investment of existing resources; 4) lack of political priority.The people who live in the areas that will become totally protected CUscannot be able to get any legal environmental authorization, unless theyhave the legal situation of their lands straighten. This requirement can leadto environmental crimes. The meaning of an environmental crime is not aconsensus. Every different environmental management seems to producea different concept. Some types of traditional management have beenconsidered dangerous by some groups, who, after this, were able to bantheir use. In this context, environmental management depends on conflictresolution. The model “tragedy of the commons” from Hardin (1968) andthe self-regulation systems from Berkes (1985) have been considered to bethe theoretical base for econegotiation. Management agreements aboutspecific problems, notification to mitigate an environmental damage andconverting fines into mere warnings are examples of econegotiation instruments.These tools need to be more frequently used by environmentalmanagers and enhanced by the government. Local communities need tolearn about the various and different possible kinds of forestry licenses. Environmentallicense process needs to be faster, through the reduction ofbureaucratic work.Key-words: conflicts, protected conservational units, environmentalcrime, negotiation1. Notícias do frontOs conflitos sócio-ambientais documentados ao longo deste livro envolvemquestões sobre a propriedade, a posse, a territorialidade, o uso daterra e da água. No caso das unidades de conservação de proteção integral,a maior parte destes problemas está relacionada ao fato de que o PoderPúblico as cria legalmente, mas não as indeniza, não as regulariza em termosfundiários. São os chamados "paper parks". É o caso do Parque Estadualdo Tainhas (Capítulo 6) e também do Parque Natural Municipal da Ronda(Capítulo 8).152