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2. Women training in kato aI the Kodokan.
slashing and a number of other techniques. These latter occur only in kata
because it is only in kata that the movements are prearranged and each partner
knows what the other will do.
Randori means "free practice." Partners pair offand vie with each other as
they would in an actual match. They may throw, pin, choke and apply joint
locks, but they may not hit, kick or employ other techniques appropriate
only to actual combat. The main conditions in randori are that participants
take care not to injure each other and that they follow judo etiquette, which
is mandatory if one is to derive the maximum benefit from randori.
Randori may be practiced either as training in the methods of attack and
defense or as physical education. In either case, all movements are made in
conformity with the principle of maximum efficiency. If training in attack
and defense is the objective, concentration on the proper execution oftechniques
is sufficient. But beyond that, randori is ideal for physical culture,
since it involves all parts of the body, and unlike gymnastics, a1l its movements
are purposeful and executed with spirit. The objective of this systematic
physical training is to perfect control over mind and body and to prepare
a person to meet any emergency or attack, accidental or intentional.
TRAINING THE, MIND
Both kata and randori are forms of mental training, but of the two, randori
is the more effective.
In randori, one must search out the opponent's weaknesses and be ready
to attack with all the resources at his disposal the moment the opportunity
presents itself, without violating the rules ofjudo. Practicing randori tends
to make the student earnest, sincere, thoughtful, cautious and deliberate in
action. At the same time, he or she learns to value and make quick decisions
22 PRINCIPLES AND AIMS oF KODOKAN JTJDO