The impact of urban groundwater upon surface water - eTheses ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

(a) (b) Temperature C o Temperature C o 15.55 15.5 15.45 15.4 15.35 15.3 15.25 15.2 15.15 15.1 15.05 16 15.8 15.6 15.4 15.2 15 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.2 ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Distance from Eastern Bank (m) ) Surface water temperature Temperature in riverbed at a depth of 10 cm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Distance from Northern Bank (m) Surface water temperature Temperature in riverbed at a depth of 10 cm Figure 5.12 Lateral variations in surface water and riverbed temperature at 10 cm depth for (a) Profile 8 (b) Profile 1.
Temperature C o 20 19.5 19 18.5 18 17.5 Longitudinal Variations in Surface Water and River Bed Temperatures going downstream from Profile 5. Measurements taken 2 m from the South bank and 10 cm below the riverbed. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Distance from Northern Bank (m) Surface water temperature Temperature in riverbed at a depth of 10 cm Figure 5.13 Longitudinal variations in surface water and riverbed temperatures. Frequency 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 Figure 5.14 The frequency distribution of hydraulic conductivity in the riverbed 5 Conductivity (md -1 ) 6 7 8 Frequency Cumulative % 9 10 20 30 More 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% .00% Cumulative Frequency
Page 1 and 2:
THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROUNDWATER UPO
Page 3 and 4:
ABSTRACT A field-based research stu
Page 5 and 6:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 7 and 8:
3.4.1 Solid Geology ...............
Page 9 and 10:
5.5.2 Riverbed Sediment Core Data a
Page 11 and 12:
6.10 Investigation of groundwater-s
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Conceptual mode
Page 15 and 16:
6.1 Schematic diagram for the analy
Page 17 and 18:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Descriptio
Page 19 and 20:
APPENDICES Appendices 1, 11, 19, 20
Page 21 and 22:
1.1 Project outline CHAPTER 1. INTR
Page 23 and 24:
4) to develop suitable monitoring m
Page 25 and 26:
INTRODUCTION European Commission Wa
Page 27 and 28:
REVIEW 2.1) and surface water may o
Page 29 and 30:
REVIEW features of groundwater/surf
Page 31 and 32:
REVIEW provide refuge to benthic in
Page 33 and 34:
Abstraction For drinking water supp
Page 35 and 36:
REVIEW occur such as biodegradation
Page 37 and 38:
2.2.1 Water quality studies REVIEW
Page 39 and 40:
REVIEW investigated groundwater/sur
Page 41 and 42:
REVIEW owing to their widespread de
Page 43 and 44:
REVIEW have been used to determine
Page 45 and 46:
REVIEW and under conditions of non-
Page 47 and 48:
(b) (a) River Tame 10 m topographic
Page 49 and 50:
STUDY SETTING But under the General
Page 51 and 52:
(a) Land Use In The River Tame Corr
Page 53 and 54:
(a) (b) Figure 3.3 (a) Photograph o
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 3.4 Schematic geology of the
Page 57 and 58:
Table 3.1 Description of geological
Page 59 and 60:
Wildmoor Sandstone Formation (middl
Page 61 and 62:
STUDY SETTING Man-made excavations
Page 63 and 64:
STUDY SETTING Tame were effluent to
Page 65 and 66:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 3.9 (a) Postulat
Page 67 and 68:
STUDY SETTING this restricts the le
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 3.10 Schematic cross section
Page 71 and 72:
STUDY SETTING water quality through
Page 73 and 74:
STUDY SETTING (Ford, 1990) from nin
Page 75 and 76:
STUDY SETTING dry cleaning industry
Page 77 and 78:
MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS CHA
Page 79 and 80:
2 9 4 0 0 0 2 8 8 0 0 0 4020000 410
Page 81 and 82:
MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS The
Page 83 and 84:
Water quality data were collected i
Page 85 and 86:
MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pie
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pre
Page 93 and 94:
MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS the
Page 95 and 96: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS (Ga
Page 97 and 98: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Acc
Page 99 and 100: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS bor
Page 101 and 102: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS tha
Page 103 and 104: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS des
Page 105 and 106: 4.7.3 Grain size analyses by the Ha
Page 107 and 108: K = hydraulic conductivity (feet da
Page 109 and 110: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS A s
Page 111 and 112: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS The
Page 113 and 114: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Run
Page 115 and 116: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS nex
Page 117 and 118: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS The
Page 119 and 120: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Dif
Page 121 and 122: 4.9.3 Radial Flow Analytical Soluti
Page 123 and 124: q = - k dh dx River Riverbed q = th
Page 125 and 126: Determinands Method of analyses Ana
Page 127 and 128: MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS dif
Page 129 and 130: 5.2 Groundwater in the Tame Valley
Page 131 and 132: Total Monthly Volume Abstracted (m
Page 133 and 134: 4020000 4100000 Bescot GS 91, 182 1
Page 135 and 136: 5.3.2 Baseflow Analyses GROUNDWATER
Page 137 and 138: GROUNDWATER FLOW TO THE RIVER TAME
Page 145: GROUNDWATER FLOW TO THE RIVER TAME
Page 151 and 152: 5 cm Figure 5.16 (a) Riverbed core
Page 153 and 154: Frequency 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20
Page 155 and 156: Summary of Darcy Specific Discharge
Page 159 and 160: Location Specific Discharge (md -1
Page 163 and 164: 5.8 The Hydrogeological Setting of
Page 165 and 166: Level ( m.a.o.d ) Level ( m.a.o.d )
Page 167 and 168: 5.9 Concluding Discussion GROUNDWAT
Page 171 and 172: CHAPTER 6. THE MODELLING OF GROUNDW
Page 173 and 174: 6.2.1 Analytical Model, Steady Stat
Page 175 and 176: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The rive
Page 177 and 178: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.3.1 Re
Page 179 and 180: 39 57 Figure 6.2 Regional Setting f
Page 181 and 182: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING increase
Page 183 and 184: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING general,
Page 185 and 186: Groundwater head contours (1m) 93.0
Page 187 and 188: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.4.3 Gr
Page 189 and 190: 11 12 13 # # # # # # 96 97 98 Colum
Page 191 and 192: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
Page 193 and 194: River level data GROUNDWATER FLOW M
Page 195 and 196: GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of geolo
Page 197 and 198:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The FAT3
Page 199 and 200:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING and grav
Page 201 and 202:
Elevation of cell centre (m.a.o.d)
Page 203 and 204:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING transmis
Page 205 and 206:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING on each
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of 0.5md
Page 211 and 212:
Analytical solution for the saturat
Page 213 and 214:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING presence
Page 215 and 216:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in secti
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The aver
Page 221 and 222:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING would re
Page 223 and 224:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING the aqui
Page 225 and 226:
95 95 95 95 39 MODFLOW Particle Tra
Page 227 and 228:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING Historic
Page 229 and 230:
Discharge to the river m 3 d -1 % v
Page 231 and 232:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.10.2 A
Page 233 and 234:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING investig
Page 235 and 236:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING across t
Page 237 and 238:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING by the F
Page 239 and 240:
Specific discharge to the river fro
Page 241 and 242:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in time
Page 243 and 244:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
Page 245 and 246:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING amplitud
Page 247 and 248:
Depth (cm) -80 -100 -120 -140 -160
Page 249 and 250:
Depth (cm) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -1
Page 251 and 252:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING cycles o
Page 253 and 254:
6.12 Conclusions GROUNDWATER FLOW M
Page 255 and 256:
GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING consider
Page 257 and 258:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS CHAPTER
Page 259 and 260:
Water Quality Data From Sutton Park
Page 261 and 262:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS 7.1 Indi
Page 263 and 264:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS (the fur
Page 265 and 266:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Underlyi
Page 267 and 268:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Oxygen l
Page 269 and 270:
(a) (b) Eh (mv) DO (mgl -1 ) 600 50
Page 271 and 272:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS riverbed
Page 273 and 274:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS samples
Page 275 and 276:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS errors i
Page 277 and 278:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS industri
Page 279 and 280:
(a) (b) (c) Depth below river bed (
Page 281 and 282:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS within 5
Page 283 and 284:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grea
Page 285 and 286:
Cation Content (mgl -1 ) 300 250 20
Page 287 and 288:
(a) (b) (c) Calcium Concentration m
Page 289 and 290:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS in the u
Page 291 and 292:
7.5 Toxic Metals WATER QUALITY INTE
Page 293 and 294:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS parkland
Page 295 and 296:
95 94 93 92 OD (meters) 91 90 89 88
Page 297 and 298:
(a) (b) (c) Chloride (meql -1 ) Nit
Page 299 and 300:
(a) (b) Depth below river bed (cm)
Page 301 and 302:
(a) (c) (e) Depth below river bed (
Page 303 and 304:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS depth. T
Page 305 and 306:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS extent.
Page 307 and 308:
Number of samples greater than dete
Page 309 and 310:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The only
Page 311 and 312:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS source f
Page 313 and 314:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The surf
Page 315 and 316:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The Envi
Page 317 and 318:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS the bias
Page 319 and 320:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grou
Page 321 and 322:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS value of
Page 323 and 324:
Depth below river bed (cm) 0 20 40
Page 325 and 326:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS There is
Page 327 and 328:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Standard
Page 329 and 330:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS general
Page 331 and 332:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS attenuat
Page 333 and 334:
WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS these fa
Page 335 and 336:
GROUNDWATER FLUX CHAPTER 8. ESTIMAT
Page 337 and 338:
GROUNDWATER FLUX solution then the
Page 339 and 340:
GROUNDWATER FLUX the riverbed piezo
Page 341 and 342:
HCO3 - Determinant Mean Groundwater
Page 343 and 344:
Residential roof run-off *1 General
Page 345 and 346:
GROUNDWATER FLUX availability of sa
Page 347 and 348:
Discharge MLd -1 350 330 310 290 27
Page 349 and 350:
(a) Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved
Page 351 and 352:
GROUNDWATER FLUX exception of Si, C
Page 353 and 354:
Location Distance from Bescot GS (k
Page 355 and 356:
GROUNDWATER FLUX groundwater is a s
Page 357 and 358:
Maximum concentration in the plume
Page 359 and 360:
GROUNDWATER FLUX 150 m was used, to
Page 361 and 362:
Estimate of mass flux from the plum
Page 363 and 364:
GROUNDWATER FLUX an urban setting.
Page 365 and 366:
GROUNDWATER FLUX improvement of sur
Page 367 and 368:
CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS
Page 369 and 370:
CONCLUSIONS surface-water quality b
Page 371 and 372:
CONCLUSIONS 1945) which caused sign
Page 373 and 374:
CONCLUSIONS Objective 4. To develop
Page 375 and 376:
CONCLUSIONS On a catchment scale, g
Page 377 and 378:
CONCLUSIONS other compounds of inte
Page 379 and 380:
CONCLUSIONS groundwater and surface
Page 381 and 382:
REFERENCES REFERENCES Allen, D.J.,
Page 383 and 384:
REFERENCES Bredehoeft, J.D., & Papa
Page 385 and 386:
REFERENCES De Marsily, G., 1986. Qu
Page 387 and 388:
REFERENCES Ford, M., Tellam, J.H.,
Page 389 and 390:
REFERENCES Hooda, P.S., Moynagh, M.
Page 391 and 392:
REFERENCES Kuwabara, J., Berelson,
Page 393 and 394:
REFERENCES Modica, E., 1993. Hydrau
Page 395 and 396:
REFERENCES Rivett, M.O., Feenstra,
Page 397 and 398:
REFERENCES Stagg, K.A., 2000. An in
Page 399:
REFERENCES Younger, P.L., 1989. Str
show all

The impact of urban groundwater upon surface water - eTheses ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?