The impact of urban groundwater upon surface water - eTheses ...

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95 94 93 92 OD (meters) 91 90 89 88 OD (meters) Piezometer P11 GRAVEL SAND Profile 8 - Multilevel Piezometer Water Chemistry West East August 2001 91 90 61.0 55.0 46.0 MG 89 62.0 64.0 >10 23.0
Depth below river bed (cm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Concentrations of TCE and 1,1,1 TCA (μgl -1 ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Depth below river bed (cm) SW = surface water R.bank = River bank piezometer, which has ~ 10 m lateral displacement , 3 m vertical below riverbed. Concentrations of PCE and Vinyl Chloride (μgl 0.00 0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 -1 ) (a) (b) (c) TCE-8/8/01 TCE-26/11/01 TCE R.bnk.-27/11/01 TCE SW TCE R.bnk-7/8/01 TCA-8/8/01 TCA -26/11/01 TCA SW TCA R.bnk-7/8/01 TCA R.bnk-27/11/01 Ratio of TCE/Cis 1,2-DCE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 Depth below river bed (cm) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 SW = surface water R.bank = River bank piezometer, which has ~ 10 m lateral displacement , 3 m vertical below riverbed. VC-26/11/01 VC-8/8/01 VC R.bnk.-27/11/01 VC SW VC R.bnk-7/8/01 PCE -26/11/01 PCE R.bnk-7/8/01 PCE R.bnk-27/11/01 PCE SW (d) (e) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Riverbank piezometers show ~ 10 m lateral displacement , 3 m vertical below riverbed. P8E-27/11/01 P8C-27/11/01 P8W-8/8/01 P8W-26/11/01 P8R.bnk.E-27/11/01 P8R.bnk.W-27/11/01 P8 SW-11/5/01 P8R.bnk.W-8/8/01 P8 = Lateral Profile 8 Location of multilevel piezometer within the channel: E = East, C = Central, N=North, W= West R.bank = River bank piezometer, SW = surface water Depth below river bed (cm) Depth below river bed (cm) Concentrations of cis 1,2-DCE and 1,1-DCA (μgl 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 -1 ) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 SW = surface water R.bank = River bank piezometer, which has ~ 10 m lateral displacement , 3 m vertical below riverbed. DCE-26/11/01 DCE-8/8/01 DCE R.bnk.-27/11/01 DCE SW DCE R.bnk-7/8/01 DCA-8/8/01 DCA -26/11/01 DCA SW DCA R.bnk-7/8/01 DCA R.bnk-27/11/01 Total VOC content (μgl-1) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Riverbank piezometers show ~ 10 m lateral displacement , 3 m vertical below riverbed. Figure 7.26 Concentration profiles from the multilevel piezometers at Profile 8; from the western profile (a) TCE and TCA (b) PCE and VC (c) DCE and DCA; from across the whole lateral profile (d) is the ratio of TCE/ cis 1,2-DCE (e) total VOC content.
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THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROUNDWATER UPO
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ABSTRACT A field-based research stu
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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3.4.1 Solid Geology ...............
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5.5.2 Riverbed Sediment Core Data a
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6.10 Investigation of groundwater-s
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Conceptual mode
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6.1 Schematic diagram for the analy
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Descriptio
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APPENDICES Appendices 1, 11, 19, 20
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1.1 Project outline CHAPTER 1. INTR
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4) to develop suitable monitoring m
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INTRODUCTION European Commission Wa
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REVIEW 2.1) and surface water may o
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REVIEW features of groundwater/surf
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REVIEW provide refuge to benthic in
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Abstraction For drinking water supp
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REVIEW occur such as biodegradation
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2.2.1 Water quality studies REVIEW
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REVIEW investigated groundwater/sur
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REVIEW owing to their widespread de
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REVIEW have been used to determine
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REVIEW and under conditions of non-
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(b) (a) River Tame 10 m topographic
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STUDY SETTING But under the General
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(a) Land Use In The River Tame Corr
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(a) (b) Figure 3.3 (a) Photograph o
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Figure 3.4 Schematic geology of the
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Table 3.1 Description of geological
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Wildmoor Sandstone Formation (middl
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STUDY SETTING Man-made excavations
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STUDY SETTING Tame were effluent to
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 3.9 (a) Postulat
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STUDY SETTING this restricts the le
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Figure 3.10 Schematic cross section
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STUDY SETTING water quality through
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STUDY SETTING (Ford, 1990) from nin
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STUDY SETTING dry cleaning industry
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS CHA
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2 9 4 0 0 0 2 8 8 0 0 0 4020000 410
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS The
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Water quality data were collected i
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pie
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pre
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS the
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS (Ga
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Acc
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS bor
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS tha
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS des
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4.7.3 Grain size analyses by the Ha
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K = hydraulic conductivity (feet da
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS A s
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Run
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS nex
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Dif
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4.9.3 Radial Flow Analytical Soluti
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q = - k dh dx River Riverbed q = th
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Determinands Method of analyses Ana
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS dif
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5.2 Groundwater in the Tame Valley
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Total Monthly Volume Abstracted (m
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4020000 4100000 Bescot GS 91, 182 1
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5.3.2 Baseflow Analyses GROUNDWATER
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GROUNDWATER FLOW TO THE RIVER TAME
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Temperature C o 20 19.5 19 18.5 18
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5 cm Figure 5.16 (a) Riverbed core
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Frequency 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20
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Summary of Darcy Specific Discharge
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Location Specific Discharge (md -1
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5.8 The Hydrogeological Setting of
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Level ( m.a.o.d ) Level ( m.a.o.d )
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5.9 Concluding Discussion GROUNDWAT
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CHAPTER 6. THE MODELLING OF GROUNDW
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6.2.1 Analytical Model, Steady Stat
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The rive
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.3.1 Re
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39 57 Figure 6.2 Regional Setting f
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING increase
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING general,
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Groundwater head contours (1m) 93.0
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.4.3 Gr
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11 12 13 # # # # # # 96 97 98 Colum
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
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River level data GROUNDWATER FLOW M
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of geolo
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The FAT3
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING and grav
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Elevation of cell centre (m.a.o.d)
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING transmis
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING on each
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of 0.5md
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Analytical solution for the saturat
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING presence
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in secti
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The aver
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING would re
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING the aqui
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95 95 95 95 39 MODFLOW Particle Tra
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING Historic
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Discharge to the river m 3 d -1 % v
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.10.2 A
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING investig
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING across t
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING by the F
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Specific discharge to the river fro
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in time
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING amplitud
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Depth (cm) -80 -100 -120 -140 -160
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Depth (cm) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -1
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING cycles o
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6.12 Conclusions GROUNDWATER FLOW M
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING consider
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS CHAPTER
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Water Quality Data From Sutton Park
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS 7.1 Indi
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS (the fur
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Underlyi
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Oxygen l
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(a) (b) Eh (mv) DO (mgl -1 ) 600 50
Page 271 and 272: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS riverbed
Page 273 and 274: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS samples
Page 275 and 276: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS errors i
Page 277 and 278: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS industri
Page 279 and 280: (a) (b) (c) Depth below river bed (
Page 281 and 282: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS within 5
Page 283 and 284: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grea
Page 285 and 286: Cation Content (mgl -1 ) 300 250 20
Page 287 and 288: (a) (b) (c) Calcium Concentration m
Page 289 and 290: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS in the u
Page 291 and 292: 7.5 Toxic Metals WATER QUALITY INTE
Page 293 and 294: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS parkland
Page 295 and 296: 95 94 93 92 OD (meters) 91 90 89 88
Page 297 and 298: (a) (b) (c) Chloride (meql -1 ) Nit
Page 299 and 300: (a) (b) Depth below river bed (cm)
Page 301 and 302: (a) (c) (e) Depth below river bed (
Page 303 and 304: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS depth. T
Page 305 and 306: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS extent.
Page 307 and 308: Number of samples greater than dete
Page 309 and 310: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The only
Page 311 and 312: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS source f
Page 313 and 314: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The surf
Page 315 and 316: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The Envi
Page 317 and 318: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS the bias
Page 319 and 320: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grou
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Page 325 and 326: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS There is
Page 327 and 328: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Standard
Page 329 and 330: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS general
Page 331 and 332: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS attenuat
Page 333 and 334: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS these fa
Page 335 and 336: GROUNDWATER FLUX CHAPTER 8. ESTIMAT
Page 337 and 338: GROUNDWATER FLUX solution then the
Page 339 and 340: GROUNDWATER FLUX the riverbed piezo
Page 341 and 342: HCO3 - Determinant Mean Groundwater
Page 343 and 344: Residential roof run-off *1 General
Page 345 and 346: GROUNDWATER FLUX availability of sa
Page 347 and 348: Discharge MLd -1 350 330 310 290 27
Page 349 and 350: (a) Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved
Page 351 and 352: GROUNDWATER FLUX exception of Si, C
Page 353 and 354: Location Distance from Bescot GS (k
Page 355 and 356: GROUNDWATER FLUX groundwater is a s
Page 357 and 358: Maximum concentration in the plume
Page 359 and 360: GROUNDWATER FLUX 150 m was used, to
Page 361 and 362: Estimate of mass flux from the plum
Page 363 and 364: GROUNDWATER FLUX an urban setting.
Page 365 and 366: GROUNDWATER FLUX improvement of sur
Page 367 and 368: CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS
Page 369 and 370: CONCLUSIONS surface-water quality b
Page 371 and 372: CONCLUSIONS 1945) which caused sign
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CONCLUSIONS Objective 4. To develop
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CONCLUSIONS On a catchment scale, g
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CONCLUSIONS other compounds of inte
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CONCLUSIONS groundwater and surface
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REFERENCES REFERENCES Allen, D.J.,
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REFERENCES Bredehoeft, J.D., & Papa
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REFERENCES De Marsily, G., 1986. Qu
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REFERENCES Ford, M., Tellam, J.H.,
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REFERENCES Hooda, P.S., Moynagh, M.
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REFERENCES Kuwabara, J., Berelson,
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REFERENCES Modica, E., 1993. Hydrau
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REFERENCES Rivett, M.O., Feenstra,
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REFERENCES Stagg, K.A., 2000. An in
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REFERENCES Younger, P.L., 1989. Str
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