The impact of urban groundwater upon surface water - eTheses ...

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Date Sampled 2/6/00 22/5/01 23/5/01 2/6/00 22/5/01 23/5/01 Increase in discharge across the 7.4 km study reach (m 3 ) 53391 73013 38193 Estimated concentration of the influent water (mgl -1 Mass flux to the river that occurs across the 7.4 km study reach ) (kgd -1 ) F 23 3 1 1 182 85 43 Cl 143 53 89 84 2842 6510 3196 NO3 58 15 34 46 777 2477 1757 SO4 215 75 170 105 4007 12378 3999 Ca 147 73 121 104 3921 8862 3965 K 15 4 12 13 211 904 494 Mg 22 11 23 15 562 1692 582 Na 91 22 67 65 1199 4883 2492 Sr 0.49 0.1 0.4 0.2 8 32 8 Si 10.3 2.8 -0.9 -3.8 150 -69 -145 Ba 0.11 0.048 0.001 0.019 3 0.1 1 TCM 0.0015 0.015 -0.039 1.1 -1.5 TCA 0.0092 0.001 -0.002 0.1 -0.1 TCE 0.0107 0.005 0.014 0.4 0.5 PCE 0.0003 0.009 0.009 0.7 0.3 Determinant Mean groundwater concentration (Riverbed Piezometers) mgl -1 Table 8.3 The geochemical mass flux to the study reach estimated from combined surface water sampling and discharge measurements.
(a) Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved Mass gs -1 Surface water loading y = 0.005x + 232.16 400 350 300 250 200 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0063x + 282.9 500 450 400 350 300 5000 10000 15000 20000 110 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0027x + 41.86 50 5000 10000 15000 20000 15 10 90 70 5 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0005x - 0.3087 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Cl 22/5/01 Cl 23/5/01 Cl 2/6/00 Linear (Cl 23/5/01) SO4 22/5/01 SO4 23/5/01 SO4 2/6/00 Linear (SO4 23/5/01) NO3 22/5/01 NO3 23/5/01 NO3 2/6/00 Linear (NO3 23/5/01) PCE 22/5/01 PCE 23/5/01 Linear (PCE 23/5/01) (b) Dissolved Mass gs -1 (c) (d) (e) Dissolved Mass gs -1 Dissolved Mass gs -1 (g) (h) (f) Dissolved Mass gs -1 Surface water loading y = 0.0039x + 139.72 300 250 200 150 100 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0062x + 187.39 400 350 300 250 200 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0009x + 41.796 70 60 50 40 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Surface water loading y = 0.0006x - 4.5773 20 15 10 5 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 Distance Down Stream (m) Na 22/5/01 Na 23/5/01 Na 2/6/00 Linear (Na 23/5/01) Ca 22/5/01 Ca 23/5/01 Ca 2/6/00 Linear (Ca 23/5/01) Mg 22/5/01 Mg 23/5/01 Mg 2/6/00 Linear (Mg 23/5/01) TCE 22/5/01 TCE 23/5/01 Linear (TCE 22/5/01) Figure 8.3 Estimates of the change in surface water mass loading across the aquifer for (a) Cl (b) Na (c) SO4 (d) Ca (e) NO3 (f) Mg (g) PCE (h) TCE.
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THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROUNDWATER UPO
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ABSTRACT A field-based research stu
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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3.4.1 Solid Geology ...............
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5.5.2 Riverbed Sediment Core Data a
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6.10 Investigation of groundwater-s
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Conceptual mode
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6.1 Schematic diagram for the analy
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Descriptio
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APPENDICES Appendices 1, 11, 19, 20
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1.1 Project outline CHAPTER 1. INTR
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4) to develop suitable monitoring m
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INTRODUCTION European Commission Wa
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REVIEW 2.1) and surface water may o
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REVIEW features of groundwater/surf
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REVIEW provide refuge to benthic in
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Abstraction For drinking water supp
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REVIEW occur such as biodegradation
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2.2.1 Water quality studies REVIEW
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REVIEW investigated groundwater/sur
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REVIEW owing to their widespread de
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REVIEW have been used to determine
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REVIEW and under conditions of non-
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(b) (a) River Tame 10 m topographic
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STUDY SETTING But under the General
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(a) Land Use In The River Tame Corr
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(a) (b) Figure 3.3 (a) Photograph o
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Figure 3.4 Schematic geology of the
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Table 3.1 Description of geological
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Wildmoor Sandstone Formation (middl
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STUDY SETTING Man-made excavations
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STUDY SETTING Tame were effluent to
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 3.9 (a) Postulat
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STUDY SETTING this restricts the le
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Figure 3.10 Schematic cross section
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STUDY SETTING water quality through
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STUDY SETTING (Ford, 1990) from nin
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STUDY SETTING dry cleaning industry
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS CHA
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2 9 4 0 0 0 2 8 8 0 0 0 4020000 410
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS The
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Water quality data were collected i
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pie
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS pre
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS the
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS (Ga
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Acc
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS bor
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS tha
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS des
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4.7.3 Grain size analyses by the Ha
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K = hydraulic conductivity (feet da
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS A s
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Run
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS nex
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS Dif
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4.9.3 Radial Flow Analytical Soluti
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q = - k dh dx River Riverbed q = th
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Determinands Method of analyses Ana
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MONITORING NETWORKS AND METHODS dif
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5.2 Groundwater in the Tame Valley
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Total Monthly Volume Abstracted (m
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4020000 4100000 Bescot GS 91, 182 1
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5.3.2 Baseflow Analyses GROUNDWATER
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GROUNDWATER FLOW TO THE RIVER TAME
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Temperature C o 20 19.5 19 18.5 18
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5 cm Figure 5.16 (a) Riverbed core
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Frequency 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20
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Summary of Darcy Specific Discharge
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Location Specific Discharge (md -1
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5.8 The Hydrogeological Setting of
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Level ( m.a.o.d ) Level ( m.a.o.d )
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5.9 Concluding Discussion GROUNDWAT
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CHAPTER 6. THE MODELLING OF GROUNDW
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6.2.1 Analytical Model, Steady Stat
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The rive
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.3.1 Re
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39 57 Figure 6.2 Regional Setting f
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING increase
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING general,
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Groundwater head contours (1m) 93.0
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.4.3 Gr
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11 12 13 # # # # # # 96 97 98 Colum
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
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River level data GROUNDWATER FLOW M
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of geolo
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The FAT3
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING and grav
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Elevation of cell centre (m.a.o.d)
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING transmis
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING on each
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING of 0.5md
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Analytical solution for the saturat
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING presence
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in secti
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING The aver
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING would re
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING the aqui
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95 95 95 95 39 MODFLOW Particle Tra
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING Historic
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Discharge to the river m 3 d -1 % v
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING 6.10.2 A
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING investig
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING across t
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING by the F
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Specific discharge to the river fro
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING in time
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING unsatura
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING amplitud
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Depth (cm) -80 -100 -120 -140 -160
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Depth (cm) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -1
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING cycles o
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6.12 Conclusions GROUNDWATER FLOW M
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GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING consider
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS CHAPTER
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Water Quality Data From Sutton Park
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS 7.1 Indi
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS (the fur
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Underlyi
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Oxygen l
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(a) (b) Eh (mv) DO (mgl -1 ) 600 50
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS riverbed
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS samples
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS errors i
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS industri
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(a) (b) (c) Depth below river bed (
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS within 5
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grea
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Cation Content (mgl -1 ) 300 250 20
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(a) (b) (c) Calcium Concentration m
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS in the u
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7.5 Toxic Metals WATER QUALITY INTE
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WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS parkland
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95 94 93 92 OD (meters) 91 90 89 88
Page 297 and 298: (a) (b) (c) Chloride (meql -1 ) Nit
Page 299 and 300: (a) (b) Depth below river bed (cm)
Page 301 and 302: (a) (c) (e) Depth below river bed (
Page 303 and 304: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS depth. T
Page 305 and 306: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS extent.
Page 307 and 308: Number of samples greater than dete
Page 309 and 310: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The only
Page 311 and 312: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS source f
Page 313 and 314: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The surf
Page 315 and 316: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The Envi
Page 317 and 318: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS the bias
Page 319 and 320: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS The grou
Page 321 and 322: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS value of
Page 323 and 324: Depth below river bed (cm) 0 20 40
Page 325 and 326: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS There is
Page 327 and 328: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS Standard
Page 329 and 330: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS general
Page 331 and 332: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS attenuat
Page 333 and 334: WATER QUALITY INTERACTIONS these fa
Page 335 and 336: GROUNDWATER FLUX CHAPTER 8. ESTIMAT
Page 337 and 338: GROUNDWATER FLUX solution then the
Page 339 and 340: GROUNDWATER FLUX the riverbed piezo
Page 341 and 342: HCO3 - Determinant Mean Groundwater
Page 343 and 344: Residential roof run-off *1 General
Page 345 and 346: GROUNDWATER FLUX availability of sa
Page 347: Discharge MLd -1 350 330 310 290 27
Page 351 and 352: GROUNDWATER FLUX exception of Si, C
Page 353 and 354: Location Distance from Bescot GS (k
Page 355 and 356: GROUNDWATER FLUX groundwater is a s
Page 357 and 358: Maximum concentration in the plume
Page 359 and 360: GROUNDWATER FLUX 150 m was used, to
Page 361 and 362: Estimate of mass flux from the plum
Page 363 and 364: GROUNDWATER FLUX an urban setting.
Page 365 and 366: GROUNDWATER FLUX improvement of sur
Page 367 and 368: CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS
Page 369 and 370: CONCLUSIONS surface-water quality b
Page 371 and 372: CONCLUSIONS 1945) which caused sign
Page 373 and 374: CONCLUSIONS Objective 4. To develop
Page 375 and 376: CONCLUSIONS On a catchment scale, g
Page 377 and 378: CONCLUSIONS other compounds of inte
Page 379 and 380: CONCLUSIONS groundwater and surface
Page 381 and 382: REFERENCES REFERENCES Allen, D.J.,
Page 383 and 384: REFERENCES Bredehoeft, J.D., & Papa
Page 385 and 386: REFERENCES De Marsily, G., 1986. Qu
Page 387 and 388: REFERENCES Ford, M., Tellam, J.H.,
Page 389 and 390: REFERENCES Hooda, P.S., Moynagh, M.
Page 391 and 392: REFERENCES Kuwabara, J., Berelson,
Page 393 and 394: REFERENCES Modica, E., 1993. Hydrau
Page 395 and 396: REFERENCES Rivett, M.O., Feenstra,
Page 397 and 398: REFERENCES Stagg, K.A., 2000. An in
Page 399:
REFERENCES Younger, P.L., 1989. Str
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