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-237- CHAPTER EIGHT THE LEGACY OF MPANDE AN EVALUATION Mpande became an ambiguous and contested metaphor for both genealogical inferiority and skillful diplomacy which, within historically shaped limits, could be used and reworked by different commentators in a range ofdifferent circumstances. The genealogical inferiority of Mpande dated back to his youth. He was plagued by skin dermatitis disease (umchoboko) and his Zulu contemporaries and predecessors (the colonised) ridiculed him as cowardly, inept, indolent and even obese.' The colonisers ofhis time gave scant recognition of his credentials. They referred to Mpande's physical and mental deficiencies.' He was a prince born of the umsizi (powdered medicines) connection and held to be of inferior rank in the royal family and therefore not supposed to be heir.' An umsizi prince was never made king, but always lived and brought forward when the principal house had no heirs. , I
-238- Mpande was incorporated into the Zulu army on the death of Senzangakhona (his father) in 1816, but retained a submissive role during the next few years. This convinced king Dingane (his half-brother) that Mpande was a royal persona non grata (undesired person) and therefore no serious threat to the kingship.' By maintaining a submissive posture he was able to satisfy the royal scrutiny, and shortly before the assassination ofking Shaka in 1828 he was allowed to marry at what was in Zulu kingdom a relatively early age, being presented with his first wife by the king himself.> Mpande exercised a fair degree of autonomy over his adherents in inkosi Senzangakhona's Mlambongwenya (or Mfemfe) homestead at Eshowe. He built up a substantial support base, especially among the semi- autonomous amakhosi (chiefs). This precluded Dingane from embarking upon the same kind ofpurges as he did against his other half brothers and potential rivals. 6 Mpande was blushed aside by Dingane until the early 1830's when he became recognised as a potential candidate for the kingship.' In 1832 Dingane made an unsuccessful attempt on Mpande's life. In 1837 4 6 R Edgecombe (Ed): ·Bringing forth Light - five uacks on Bishop Co1enso's Zulu Missio!!, pp. 47 - 50. J.B. Wrightand D.R Edgecombe: Mpande kaSenzangakhona, C. 1798 - 1872. Cf c.c. Saunders: Black Leaders in Southern African History, p. 45. KC.. Stuan Papers. Notes on the life ofHenry Fynn, 1 May 1903. A Kuper. The hou:s., and Zulu political structure in the 19'" Century, VoL 34, p. !O5.
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UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND THE REIGN OF
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Declaration Quotation Acknowledgeme
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DECLARAnON (iii) I declare that: Th
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(v) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to than
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-1- ABSTRACT King Mpande Ka Senzang
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son. This could be viewed as an und
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Voortrekkers. Mpande was then honou
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with Mzilikazi and Dingane. Napier
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incriminated the British authoritie
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-11- Dingane. Mpande was not unfavo
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-13- kingdom and her relations with
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-15- Gebore in ongeveer 1798, was M
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-17- sprekende stamme soos die Xhos
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-19- die Hooge Randberg in 'n regui
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-21- Die voorlopige onderhandelinge
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-23- Natal wat graag wou he dat Mpa
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-25- aanmoediging van agtergeblewe
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-27- Die meerderheid Zulus het egte
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-30- INTRODUCTION AIMS, OBJECTIVES
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-32- identify major protagonists du
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, 8 9 -34- the final solution as to
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-37- made of both the printed archi
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23 24 -40- Chapter One attempts to
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-43- CHAPTER 0 lE AN OUTLINE OF THE
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-46- died in 1727 without an heir.
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-48- Zulu chiefdom and evinced aver
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-51- Gubeshe of the Gazu Sibiya; Mz
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-53- what is today the Babanango di
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-55- be built up a grandiose nation
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-57- battle encounter with the Ndwa
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-59- of dark, using "kisi" (yes, I
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-62- Dvusel 'abant' ukuhlatshwa. "6
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-64- Dingane himself then fled and
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-Q9- very stringent and proper. Ref
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-71- On the contrary, Mpande was al
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While Mpande ruled during a period
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-76- On I January 1839 Dingane appe
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-78- Natal. 49 The notion that Mpan
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-80- military imizi.' Esiklebheni a
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-83- the DWudhla; Mbune kaSomaphung
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-85- Henry Cloete met Mpande in Oct
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-87- Athi zaphel' izinkomo nguMswaz
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-90- ordered Mpande's amabutho to r
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-93- inheritance of those to whose
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-95- In 1840 Mpande found Mlotshwa
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-97- 1850's Phakade, together with
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-99- "Umsimude owavela ngesiluba [T
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-101- Dingane's regiments were comp
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-103- Emabal' azizinge, [With multi
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compensation for the expenses incur
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-107- at preventing unnecessary blo
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-109- when he fled. 106 The Command
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-111- missionaries, however, condem
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-113- the area belonging to chief F
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-115- permission to render protecti
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-118- adopt the degrading process o
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-120- Lieutenant-Colonel Cloete pre
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-123- The fast diminishing herds of
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-125- The plan was approved by the
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-127- In 1847, there were already 7
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-131- surrendered the land to the V
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-133- relationship with the Voortre
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-136- Mpande and his Council emphas
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-138- He accepted the evidence that
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-140- territory!" A military post,
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-143- ofhis solemn undertakings, th
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-148- Mzinyathi river you can drink
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Natal -149- Mpande's Cession to the
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-151- comprehend why the Voortrekke
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-153- CHAPTER FIVE MPANDE'S TIES WI
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-155- A substantial number ofthese
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-157- This created unfriendly relat
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-158- of refugees from Mpande's kin
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-160- Mpande refused to aid either
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-162- because he was convinced that
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-164- potential as a port. 311 Cloe
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-166- Mawa's cattle and that Mpande
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-168- Assured of Mpande's co-operat
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-170- Zulu invasion. He contended t
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-173- Shepstone believed that the f
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-175- Mpande wanted the friendship
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-177- be with the understanding tha
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-179- 5'h That the Government agent
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-181- Zulu-Voortrekker alliance aba
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-185- that following the outbreak o
Page 198 and 199: -187- prompted Shepstone in Februar
Page 200 and 201: -189- for the disturbances that he
Page 202 and 203: -191- Mkhungo and Cetshwayo.142 Gre
Page 206: -195- CHAPTER SIX MPANDE'S ACQUAINT
Page 210 and 211: -199- "Self-support; self-governmen
Page 214 and 215: -203- Grout appeared to have miscal
Page 216 and 217: -205- n ... My visit to her was use
Page 218 and 219: ·207· was more seriously attracte
Page 220 and 221: -209- Not least, the message of the
Page 222 and 223: -211- "... Also a younger prince (U
Page 224 and 225: -213- "- .. The name of Batonjile,
Page 226 and 227: -215- of the Matigulu, another on t
Page 228 and 229: -217- growth of a group of Zulu Chr
Page 230 and 231: -219- Negatively, it could be argue
Page 232 and 233: -221- pregnant and presented her to
Page 234 and 235: -223- [These! These! These we shall
Page 236 and 237: -225- "Why are you running away fro
Page 238 and 239: -227- The Natal government therefor
Page 240 and 241: -229- Tsonkweni, supported him mili
Page 242 and 243: COPYRIGHT: MZ SHAMASE 1999 -231- TH
Page 244 and 245: -233- During the course of the batt
Page 246 and 247: -235- kingdom in 1857 as his advise
Page 250 and 251: -239- Mpande failed to comply with
Page 252 and 253: -241- the Voortrekkers to proclaim
Page 254 and 255: -243- Lieutenant-Governor Pine to o
Page 256 and 257: -245- new practices and ideals for
Page 259 and 260: -248- and wrong. In the same manner
Page 261: -250- Missionaries did not assist t
Page 264 and 265: -253- "... had taken fright at havi
Page 266 and 267: -255- Christian missionaries, the l
Page 268 and 269: -257- beginning of his heroic prais
Page 270 and 271: -259- integration between the Zulu
Page 272: -261- both the Voortrekkers and the
Page 276 and 277: SECONDARY SOURCES (i) WORKS -265- A
Page 278 and 279: -267- Froude, J.A.: Two Lectures on
Page 280 and 281: -269- MacMillan, W.M.: Bantu, Boer
Page 282 and 283: ·271· Stuart, J.: uBaxoxele (Incw
Page 284 and 285: -273- Cobbing, J.: "Zulu amabutho a
Page 286 and 287: (Ill) PERIODICALS -275- De Natalier
Page 288: -277- Reynecke, G.J.: Utrecht in di
Page 291 and 292: -280- Mouths ofhippopotamus were wi
Page 293 and 294: -282- The bush that thundered on Th
Page 295 and 296: They took a Zulu oath Inside Nodwen
Page 297 and 298: The news I heard overland, The Mala
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-288- While seated with Nongalaza a
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