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Chapter IV: Results
depressive symptomatology. To control for individual demographic differences (Carey, Carey, &
Kelley, 1997; Mazza & Reynolds, 1999; Ozer & McDonald, 2006), grade and gender were
entered into the analysis as a block on the first step. Second, to differentiate between social-
cognitive maturity and emotion factors because of their negative correlation with each other and
with dimension of adolescents' depressive symptomatology, only scores from the 4+Rel-Q were
entered as a block on this step. Finally, scores from the emotion measures were entered as a
block on the third step. The RADS-2 (Reynolds, 2002) scores were entered as the dependent
variable in this regression analysis. The betas, t values, sig. t, R 2, and AR 2values are presented in
Table 29.
Table 29
Summary of the Hierarchical Regression Analysis for Social Perspective Coordination, Emotion
Awareness, Emotion Expression, and Emotion Regulation, in Predicting Depressive
Symptomatology, N = 320
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Variable 13 t Sig. t R2 AR2
Grade .017 .305 .760 .026 .026
Gender .162 2.929 .004
Grade .023 .423 .673 .055 .028
Gender .190 3.421 .001
Social Perspective Coordination - .171 - 3.082 .002
Grade .074 1.747 .082 .462 .407
Gender .140 3.089 .002**
Social Perspective Coordination - .057 - 1.312 .191
Poor Emotion Awareness .458 7.610 .000**
Expressive Reluctance .230 3.536 .000**
Anger Regulation: Inhibition - .003 - .071 .943
Sadness Regulation: Coping - .110 - 2.407 .017*
Note. * p < .05. ** p < .01.
The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the combined influence
of grade and gender at the first step, accounted for 2.6% of the variance in adolescents'
dimensions of depressive symptomatology, F(2, 317) = 4.312, p = .014. In the second step, the
130