how do adolescents define depression? - cIRcle - University of ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT^ ii TABLE OF CONTENTS^ iv LIST OF TABLES^ xi LIST OF FIGURES^ xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS^ xv DEDICATION^ xvi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION^ 1 Adolescents' Understanding of Depression^ 3 Significance of the Study^ 4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW^ 6 Organization of Literature Review^ 6 Depression^ 6 Defining Depression^ 6 Classification of Depression^ 7 Depression in Adolescence^ 8 Introduction^ 8 History of Adolescent Depression^ 9 Why Examine Depression During Adolescence?^ 10 How do Adolescents' Define Depression?^ 11 Exploring the Meaning of Concepts^ 12 Exploring Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development^ 13 Burden of Depression in Adolescents^ 16 Defining Adolescent Depression^ 16 Factors Associated with Depression in Adolescents^ 17 Gender^ 18 Biology and Environment^ 19 Cognitions, Emotions, Context, and Social Factors^ 20 Emergence, Prevalence, and Recurrence of Depression in Adolescence^ 22 Tools Used in Assessing, Measuring, and Diagnosing Depression in Adolescents^ 24 Rationale for Choice of Measure for this Study^ 25 Treatment for Depression in Adolescents^ 26 Summary of Findings^ 28 Adolescents' Self-Recognition of Depression and Pathways to Choosing to Talk to Someone When Feeling Depressed^ 29 iv
Introduction^ 29 Adolescents' Self-Recognition of Depression^ 30 Do Adolescents Think About Own Need to Talk to Someone When Feeling Depressed?32 Do Adolescents Talk to Someone When Feeling Depressed?^ 34 Social Cognition^ 36 Depression and Links to Social and Cognitive Development^ 37 Summary of Findings^ 37 Precursors to the Development of Depressive Symptomatology^ 38 Introduction^ 38 The Development of Social Perspective Coordination: Its Link to Adaptive Social Functioning and to Depressive Symptomatology^ 38 Understanding Emotions and Links to Depressive Symptomatology^ 41 Defining Emotions^ 42 Development of Emotions^ 43 Emotional Competence^ 45 Summary of Findings^ 46 Cumulative Summary of the Literature^ 46 Research Questions and Design^ 47 Research Questions^ 47 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY^ 49 Participants^ 49 Measures^ 52 Demographic Information^ 52 Social Perspective Coordination and Emotion Understanding^ 52 Social Perspective Coordination^ 52 Self-Awareness of Emotion and Expression of Emotion^ 54 Emotion Regulation: Sadness^ 55 Emotion Regulation: Anger^ 56 Depression: Symptomatology, Conceptions, Self-Recognition, Thinking About Own Need to Talk to Someone, and Talking to Someone when Feeling Depressed^ 57 Depressive Symptomatology^ 57 Adolescents' Conceptions of Adolescent Depression^ 58 Self-Recognition of Adolescent Depression^ 59 Thinking About Own Need to Talk to Someone when Depressed^ 60 Talking to Someone When Feeling Depressed^ 60 Content Analysis of Participants' COAD^ 61 Coding Schemes^ 61 Classification of Participants' Units of Adolescent Depression^ 62 Intercoder Reliability^ 68 Procedures^ 75 v
Page 1 and 2: HOW DO ADOLESCENTS DEFINE DEPRESSIO
Page 3: understanding to guide future resea
Page 7 and 8: Remaining Significant Categories an
Page 9 and 10: APPENDIX F: Self-Recognition of Ado
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Developmenta
Page 13 and 14: Table Al -4 Percentages and Chi-Squ
Page 15 and 16: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many ind
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Chapter I:
Page 19 and 20: Chapter I: Introduction expected to
Page 21 and 22: Chapter I: Introduction Bloom, 2001
Page 23 and 24: Chapter II: Literature Review unspe
Page 25 and 26: Chapter II: Literature Review This
Page 27 and 28: Chapter II: Literature Review const
Page 29 and 30: Chapter II: Literature Review Rutte
Page 31 and 32: Chapter II: Literature Review throu
Page 33 and 34: Chapter II: Literature Review et al
Page 35 and 36: Chapter II: Literature Review exter
Page 37 and 38: Chapter II: Literature Review Perha
Page 39 and 40: Chapter II: Literature Review and H
Page 41 and 42: Chapter II: Literature Review versi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter II: Literature Review affec
Page 45 and 46: Chapter II: Literature Review can i
Page 47 and 48: Chapter II: Literature Review subth
Page 49 and 50: Chapter II: Literature Review appro
Page 51 and 52: Chapter II: Literature Review suppo
Page 53 and 54: Chapter II: Literature Review is a
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Chapter II: Literature Review persp
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Chapter II: Literature Review The f
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Chapter II: Literature Review an af
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Emotional Competence Chapter II: Li
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Chapter II: Literature Review Resea
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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY Participan
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Chapter III: Methodology As can be
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Chapter III: Methodology interactio
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Emotion Regulation: Sadness Chapter
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Chapter III: Methodology for Anger
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Chapter III: Methodology of death (
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Content Analysis of Participants '
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Chapter III: Methodology using cont
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Chapter III: Methodology Some categ
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Chapter III: Methodology these unit
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Chapter III: Methodology A total of
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Table 7 Chapter III: Methodology Ca
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Chapter III: Methodology #^Category
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Chapter III: Methodology Category ^
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Chapter III: Methodology to partici
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Chapter III: Methodology pamphlets
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CHAPTER IV: RESULTS Chapter IV: Res
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Chapter IV: Results category and su
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Chapter IV: Results the Methodology
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Table 12 Chapter IV: Results Freque
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Category/Subcategory Defined Units
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Category/Subcategory Defined Units
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Chapter IV: Results lower percentag
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Chapter IV: Results COAD unit in th
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Chapter IV: Results than 5% of part
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Chapter IV: Results presented in pa
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Chapter IV: Results Appendix Al for
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Table 18 Percentages, Significant a
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Table 19 Chapter IV: Results Percen
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Chapter IV: Results significant ass
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Chapter IV: Results variable contai
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Chapter IV: Results Association bet
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ecognition groups, generated COAD u
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Chapter IV: Results More than 80% o
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Chapter IV: Results same variables.
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Category / Subcategory Fatigue/Loss
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Chapter IV: Results Association of
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Chapter IV: Results were screened a
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Chapter 1V: Results girls (n = 67),
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Chapter IV: Results inhibition; wer
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Chapter IV: Results correlated with
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Chapter IV: Results model now with
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Hierarchical Regression Analysis fo
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION Depression: A
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Chapter V: Discussion depression in
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Chapter V: Discussion reported more
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Depressed Mood Chapter V: Discussio
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Chapter V: Discussion under Depress
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Chapter V: Discussion discussed in
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Chapter V: Discussion Biller, Ruiz,
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Chapter V: Discussion impossible co
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Association of Categories and Subca
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constructs reflect overt characteri
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Chapter V: Discussion definitions i
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Chapter V: Discussion Association o
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Chapter V: Discussion Lifetime Self
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Chapter V: Discussion Social Perspe
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Chapter V: Discussion symptomatolog
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Study Strengths and Limitations Stu
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along with their family's permissio
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Chapter V: Discussion sectional stu
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Chapter V: Discussion development,
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Chapter V: Discussion which include
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Chapter V: Discussion not wait for
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REFERENCES References Achenbach, T.
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Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B.
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References Byrnes, J. P. (1988). Fo
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school adolescents: A randomized tr
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References Compton, S. N., Burns, B
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References Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.
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Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper,
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References Glasersfeld, E. von (197
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Hall, G. S. (1904). Adolescence its
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References Jackson, S. W. (1986). M
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References Keating, D. P. (1988). B
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Kurt, M. D., & Crowley, S. L. (2002
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References Mechanic, D. (1978). Sex
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National Institute of Mental Health
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References Patton, G. C., Hetrick,
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References Reynolds, W. M. (1986a).
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Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugha
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References Schultz, L. H., & Selman
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Southam-Gerow, M. A. & Kendall, P.
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References Taylor, M. (1996). A the
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References Wentzel, K. R. &, Erdley
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APPENDIX A: Parental or Guardian Co
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APPENDIX B: Student Assent Form UNI
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APPENDIX C: Demographic Information
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APPENDIX E: Conceptions of Adolesce
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APPENDIX G: Thought About Own Need
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Appendices APPENDIX I: Access Colum
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APPENDIX K: Photo Example of Sheet
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APPENDIX M: Intercoder Sheet With R
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Pilot Study APPENDIX 0: Pilot Study
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Appendices UBC is Dr. Kimberly Scho
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APPENDIX Q: Parent or Guardian Info
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Appendices An honorarium of $70 wil
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Appendices It is important for you
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Name: ^ School: ^ Date Your home po
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Appendices * Gab Youth Services (at
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APPENDIX U: Protocol For Referral F
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APPENDIX V: Protocol for Referral f
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Appendices further follow-up. We al
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APPENDIX W: Parental Letter Informi
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Appendices APPENDIX Y: Table Y-2: F
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Appendices APPENDIX Al: Table Al-4:
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APPENDIX Cl: Table C1-6: Percentage
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Appendices APPENDIX El: Table El-8:
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APPENDIX G1: Self-Recognition of De
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Appendices APPENDIX Il: Table I1-11
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Category Subcategory Grade x 2 (1,
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APPENDIX K!: Table K1-13: Associati
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APPENDIX Ml: UBC Ethics Approval fo
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