how do adolescents define depression? - cIRcle - University of ...

Theoretical Foundation ^ 4 + Relationship Questionnaire
Chapter II: Literature Review
Level^Social Perspective ^ Agea Interpersonal ^ Interpersonal ^ Personal
Coordination ^ Understanding ^ Negotiation ^ Meaning
1 Unilateral or
Subjective
Recognizing that
self and others
have differing
perspectives.
No judgment of
own behavior from
the perspective of
the other.
2^Reciprocal^7-8
3^Mutual
Able to take a
second-person
perspective in how
own behavior may
appear to another
and perceive that
others can do the
same.
Coordinating
perspectives of self
and others where
reciprocal
perspectives must
be mutually
coordinated to
achieve a particular
social outcome.
6-7^Differentiated, 1 st^Unilateral
Person
12-
14
Understanding of
physical and
psychosocial
characteristics, takes
first-person social
perspective; recognizes
internal states exist yet
not observable by
others.
Reflective, 2nd
Person
Understanding that self
and others are capable
of doing things they
may not want to do
themselves, takes
second-person social
perspective.
Third-person
Understanding where
one can step outside
the interpersonal
situation and view it
objectively (seeing self
as both actor and
object), or able to take
third-person social
perspective.
Mutual or third-person
perspective,
characterized by the
ability to engage in
recursive perspective
taking ("You know that
I know that you
know...").
Note. Adapted from Keating (1990), Schultz, Selman, & LaRusso (2003), and Selman (2003).
a Age when capacity norms emerge.
Impersonal,
rule-based.
Cooperative Rule-based,
personal
Compromising^Need-based,
isolated
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