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Chapter III: Metho<strong>do</strong>logy<br />

As can be seen in Table 3, "White"" participants comprised the minority <strong>of</strong> students<br />

taking part in this study and the remaining majority <strong>of</strong> a<strong>do</strong>lescents consisted <strong>of</strong> "Non-White" 12<br />

a<strong>do</strong>lescents.<br />

birth country.<br />

Table 4<br />

Table 4, presents the distribution <strong>of</strong> participants by first language spoken at home and<br />

Sample Characteristics, N = 332<br />

First Language Learned at Home<br />

English 65.7%<br />

Chinese 7.5%<br />

Korean 5.7%<br />

European 5.7%<br />

Mandarin 5.4%<br />

Cantonese 5.4%<br />

Other (e.g., Japanese, Vietnamese, Hindi) 3.0%<br />

Fa rsi/Persia n 1.5%<br />

Country Born<br />

Canada 65.7%<br />

East and Southeast Asia 23.1%<br />

British Isles/Europe 4.3%<br />

Other (e.g., Columbia, Israel, South Africa) 2.7%<br />

South and West Asia 2.4%<br />

U.S. 1.8%<br />

Note. Sample sizes vary as a function <strong>of</strong> missing information, First language learned at home,<br />

N= 332; Country born, N= 329.<br />

Caucasian and White participants comprised the "White" group <strong>of</strong> a<strong>do</strong>lescents.<br />

12 "Non-White" group <strong>of</strong> participants included East and Southeast Asian (25.6%), Mixed (14.4%), British<br />

Isles and European (8.8%), Other (e.g., First Nation, Black, Human) (4.1%), West and South Asian (3.4%), and<br />

Canadian (8.4%). Although "Canadian" is not an ethnicity per se, it was included here because <strong>of</strong> its inclusion in the<br />

Canadian Census data. Specifically, in the 1996 Canada Census, the format <strong>of</strong> the ethnic origin question changed.<br />

Although the wording <strong>of</strong> the ethnic origin question remained as in previous censi, the respondents were asked to<br />

provide their ethnic origin(s) in four write-in spaces in contrast to previous check-<strong>of</strong>f categories provided to<br />

respondents from 1971 to 1991. In the 1986 Canada Census, 0.5% <strong>of</strong> the total population reported Canadian as a<br />

single or multiple ethnic response, 3.8% reported Canadian in 1991, 31% reported Canadian in 1996, and 39%<br />

reported Canadian in 2001 (http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Referece/tech_rep/ethnic.cfm, April<br />

30, 2007; J. Dobson, Stat Canada Senior Analyst, Ethno-cultural stats, personal communication, May 10, 11, 2007).<br />

51

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