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References Klerman, G. L., & Weissman, M. M. (1988). The changing epidemiology of depression. Clinical Chemistry, 34, 807-812. Kovacs, M. (1985). The Children's Depression Inventory, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995-998. Kovacs, M. (1992). The Children's Depression Inventory. North Tonawanda (New York): Mental health Systems. Kramer, R. A., Warner, V., Olfson, M., Ebanks, C. M., Chaput, F., & Weissman, M. M. (1998). General medical problems among the offspring of depressed parents: A 10-year follow- up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 602-611. Kreapelin, E. (1921). Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia. Edinburgh, Scotland: E & S Livingstone. Kreipe, R. E., & Kodjo, C. M. (2002). Adolescent medicine. In R. E. Behrman & R. M. Kliegman (Eds.), Nelson essentials of pediatrics (4th ed., pp. 251-295). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Saunders. Kreuger, R. F. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives General Psychiatry, 56, 921-926. Kreuger, R. F. (2002). Personality traits in late adolescence predict mental disorders in early adulthood: A prospective-epidemiological study. Journal of Personality, 67, 39-65. Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An introduction to its methodology. (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. 198
Kurt, M. D., & Crowley, S. L. (2002). How effective are treatments for child and adolescent depression? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 247-269. References Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotion awareness: A cognitive-developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133- 143. Larson, R., & Ham, M. (1993). Stress and "storm and stress" in early adolescence: The relationship of negative events with dysphoric affect. Developmental Psychology, 29, 130-140. Larson, R., & Lampman-Petraitis, C. (1989). Daily emotional states as reported by children and adolescents. Child Development, 60, 1250-1260. Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 234-247. LeDoux, J. E. (1994). Emotion, memory and brain. Scientific American, 270, 32-39. Levitt, M. Z., & Selman, R.L. (1996). The personal meaning of risk behavior: A developmental perspective on friendship and fighting in adolescence. In G. G. Noam & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Development and vulnerability in close relationships. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. H., & Andrews, J. A. (1993). Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 133-144. Lewinsohn, P. M., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. H., Rohde, P., Gotlib, I. H., & Hops, H. (1994). Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 302-315. 199
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HOW DO ADOLESCENTS DEFINE DEPRESSIO
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understanding to guide future resea
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Introduction^ 29 Adolescents' Self-
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Remaining Significant Categories an
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APPENDIX F: Self-Recognition of Ado
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Developmenta
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Table Al -4 Percentages and Chi-Squ
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many ind
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Chapter I:
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Chapter I: Introduction expected to
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Chapter I: Introduction Bloom, 2001
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Chapter II: Literature Review unspe
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Chapter II: Literature Review This
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Chapter II: Literature Review const
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Chapter II: Literature Review Rutte
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Chapter II: Literature Review throu
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Chapter II: Literature Review et al
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Chapter II: Literature Review exter
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Chapter II: Literature Review Perha
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Chapter II: Literature Review and H
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Chapter II: Literature Review versi
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Chapter II: Literature Review affec
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Chapter II: Literature Review can i
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Chapter II: Literature Review subth
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Chapter II: Literature Review appro
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Chapter II: Literature Review suppo
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Chapter II: Literature Review is a
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Chapter II: Literature Review persp
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Chapter II: Literature Review The f
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Chapter II: Literature Review an af
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Emotional Competence Chapter II: Li
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Chapter II: Literature Review Resea
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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY Participan
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Chapter III: Methodology As can be
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Chapter III: Methodology interactio
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Emotion Regulation: Sadness Chapter
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Chapter III: Methodology for Anger
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Chapter III: Methodology of death (
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Content Analysis of Participants '
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Chapter III: Methodology using cont
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Chapter III: Methodology Some categ
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Chapter III: Methodology these unit
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Chapter III: Methodology A total of
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Table 7 Chapter III: Methodology Ca
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Chapter III: Methodology #^Category
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Chapter III: Methodology Category ^
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Chapter III: Methodology to partici
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Chapter III: Methodology pamphlets
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CHAPTER IV: RESULTS Chapter IV: Res
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Chapter IV: Results category and su
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Chapter IV: Results the Methodology
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Table 12 Chapter IV: Results Freque
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Category/Subcategory Defined Units
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Category/Subcategory Defined Units
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Chapter IV: Results lower percentag
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Chapter IV: Results COAD unit in th
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Chapter IV: Results than 5% of part
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Chapter IV: Results presented in pa
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Chapter IV: Results Appendix Al for
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Table 18 Percentages, Significant a
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Table 19 Chapter IV: Results Percen
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Chapter IV: Results significant ass
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Chapter IV: Results variable contai
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Chapter IV: Results Association bet
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ecognition groups, generated COAD u
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Chapter IV: Results More than 80% o
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Chapter IV: Results same variables.
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Category / Subcategory Fatigue/Loss
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Chapter IV: Results Association of
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Chapter IV: Results were screened a
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Chapter 1V: Results girls (n = 67),
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Chapter IV: Results inhibition; wer
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Chapter IV: Results correlated with
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Chapter IV: Results model now with
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Hierarchical Regression Analysis fo
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION Depression: A
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Chapter V: Discussion depression in
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Chapter V: Discussion reported more
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Depressed Mood Chapter V: Discussio
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Chapter V: Discussion under Depress
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Chapter V: Discussion discussed in
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Page 183 and 184: along with their family's permissio
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Page 187 and 188: Chapter V: Discussion development,
Page 189 and 190: Chapter V: Discussion which include
Page 191 and 192: Chapter V: Discussion not wait for
Page 193 and 194: REFERENCES References Achenbach, T.
Page 195 and 196: Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B.
Page 197 and 198: References Byrnes, J. P. (1988). Fo
Page 199 and 200: school adolescents: A randomized tr
Page 201 and 202: References Compton, S. N., Burns, B
Page 203 and 204: References Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.
Page 205 and 206: Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper,
Page 207 and 208: References Glasersfeld, E. von (197
Page 209 and 210: Hall, G. S. (1904). Adolescence its
Page 211 and 212: References Jackson, S. W. (1986). M
Page 213: References Keating, D. P. (1988). B
Page 217 and 218: References Mechanic, D. (1978). Sex
Page 219 and 220: National Institute of Mental Health
Page 221 and 222: References Patton, G. C., Hetrick,
Page 223 and 224: References Reynolds, W. M. (1986a).
Page 225 and 226: Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maugha
Page 227 and 228: References Schultz, L. H., & Selman
Page 229 and 230: Southam-Gerow, M. A. & Kendall, P.
Page 231 and 232: References Taylor, M. (1996). A the
Page 233 and 234: References Wentzel, K. R. &, Erdley
Page 235 and 236: APPENDIX A: Parental or Guardian Co
Page 237 and 238: APPENDIX B: Student Assent Form UNI
Page 239 and 240: APPENDIX C: Demographic Information
Page 241 and 242: APPENDIX E: Conceptions of Adolesce
Page 243 and 244: APPENDIX G: Thought About Own Need
Page 245 and 246: Appendices APPENDIX I: Access Colum
Page 247 and 248: APPENDIX K: Photo Example of Sheet
Page 249 and 250: APPENDIX M: Intercoder Sheet With R
Page 251 and 252: Pilot Study APPENDIX 0: Pilot Study
Page 253 and 254: Appendices UBC is Dr. Kimberly Scho
Page 255 and 256: APPENDIX Q: Parent or Guardian Info
Page 257 and 258: Appendices An honorarium of $70 wil
Page 259 and 260: Appendices It is important for you
Page 261 and 262: Name: ^ School: ^ Date Your home po
Page 263 and 264: Appendices * Gab Youth Services (at
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APPENDIX U: Protocol For Referral F
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APPENDIX V: Protocol for Referral f
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Appendices further follow-up. We al
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APPENDIX W: Parental Letter Informi
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Appendices APPENDIX Y: Table Y-2: F
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Appendices APPENDIX Al: Table Al-4:
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APPENDIX Cl: Table C1-6: Percentage
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Appendices APPENDIX El: Table El-8:
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APPENDIX G1: Self-Recognition of De
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Appendices APPENDIX Il: Table I1-11
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Category Subcategory Grade x 2 (1,
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APPENDIX K!: Table K1-13: Associati
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APPENDIX Ml: UBC Ethics Approval fo
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