Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Typical street lighting lamps .................................................................................... 22
Figure 2: Typical street lighting ballast.................................................................................... 22
Figure 3: Typical street lighting luminaire............................................................................... 23
Figure 4: Traffic signs (outside the product boundary)............................................................ 23
Figure 5: Tunnel lighting (outside the product boundary) ....................................................... 24
Figure 6: Monument lighting (outside the product boundary)................................................ 24
Figure 7: Non-public lighting applications (outside the product boundary)........................... 25
Figure 8: Example of Fast Traffic (category F), Mixed Traffic (category M) and Slow Traffic
situations (category S).............................................................................................. 27
Figure 9: Photorealistic visualization of street lighting. ......................................................... 37
Figure 10: EU-25 lamp volume: Production, trade and consumption profile in 2003-2004
(Source: Europroms) ................................................................................................ 55
Figure 11: EU-25 lamp value: Production, trade and consumption profile in 2003-2004
(Source: Europroms) ................................................................................................ 55
Figure 12: EU-25 ballasts and ballast parts volume: Production, trade and consumption profile
in 2003-2004 (Source: Europroms).......................................................................... 58
Figure 13: EU-25 ballasts and ballast parts value: Production, trade and consumption profile in
2003-2004 (Source: Europroms).............................................................................. 58
Figure 14: Volume of EU-25 lamp sales, 1999-2004 (Source: rescaled based on population
from original ELC sales data for the Western European market)............................ 66
Figure 15: Evolution of share of High Intensity Discharge lamps in EU-25, 1999-2004 (Source:
rescaled based on population from original ELC sales data for the Western European
market) ..................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 16: Value of lamp sales in EU-25 (Source: rescaled based on population from original
ELC data) ................................................................................................................. 68
Figure 17: Normalised eye sensitivity for scotopic and photopic vision. ................................ 90
Figure 18: Street lighting luminaire attached to cables(left) and to electricity distribution (right).
.................................................................................................................................. 98
Figure 19: Street lighting luminaires attached to poles(left) and to a house (right)................. 98
Figure 20: Trend street lighting per capita: 1990-2025.......................................................... 105
Figure 21: Examples of light pollution: sky glow (left) and glare (right).............................. 134
Figure 22: Artificial Night Sky Brightness in Europe, Colours correspond to ratios between the
artificial sky brightness and the natural sky brightness of: 9 (red). (Cinzano et al. (2000))
................................................................................................................................ 135
Figure 23: More than half of the light is directed to the sky or sea and is wasted................. 142
Figure 24: A high amount of light is directed to the houses and is wasted............................ 143
Figure 25; Data flow of base case calculation........................................................................ 149
Figure 26: Life Cycle Impact, Base Case, Category F (contribution of production, distribution,
end-of-life of lamps, ballast, luminaire and electricity use)................................... 167
Figure 27: Life Cycle Impact, Base Case, Category M (contribution of production, distribution,
end-of-life of lamps, ballast, luminaire and electricity use)................................... 170
Figure 28: Life Cycle Impact, Base Case, Category S (contribution of production, distribution,
end-of-life of lamps, ballast, luminaire and electricity use)................................... 173
Figure 29: Luminaire with an optimised thermal design for electronic ballast ..................... 190