Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

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US Geological Survey (2006) Mineral Commodity Summaries. US patent 4173778(1978): 'Lighting fixtures and glass enclosure having high angle anti-reflection coating' (1978), Snavely; Carol J. (Santa Rosa, CA), Lewin; Ian (Scottsdale, AZ), Small, Jr.; Edward A. (Santa Rosa, CA). US patent 6599618(1999): ' Wavelength selective photocatalytic dielectric elements on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) refractors having indices of refraction greater than 2.0' (1999), Simmon, Jr.; Frederick Lee (Jackson, MS). Van Tichelen P. (2000) A new dimmable ballast and control system for street lighting, CADDET Newletter No. 4, 2000 Vanhooydonck L. (2006) Pers. Comm. of Mr. L. Vanhooydonck on 08/08/2006 VHK (2005) MEEuP Methodology study Eco-design of Energy using Products. Project report, pages 120-121. Vorsatz D. et al. (1997) Lighting market sourcebook for the US. Energy Analysis Program. Environmental Energy Technologies Division. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ZVEI (2005) Life behaviour of discharge lamps for general lighting. 268
10 ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS Abbreviation / Acronym BAT BAU BGF BMF BNAT BOM BS xxxxx Cat F Cat M Cat S cd cd / m² CELMA CEN TC 169/226 JWG CEN/TR CENELEC CFL CFL-i CFL-ni CIE CMH Full text Defined in Best Available Technology MEEuP Business-As-Usual MEEuP Ballast Gain Factor 3.1.3 Ballast Maintenance Factor 3.1.4 Best Not yet Available Technology MEEuP Bill Of Materials MEEuP Prefix for a British Standard Road lighting category for Fast traffic, used in this study 1.1.2 Road lighting category for Mixed traffic, used in this study 1.1.2 Road lighting category for Slow traffic, used in this study 1.1.2 candela (unit for light intensity) candela per square meter (unit for luminance) Federation of National Manufacturers Associations for Luminaires and Electrotechnical Components for Luminaires in the European Union Comité Européen de Normalisation European Committee for Standardization Technical Commission 169/229 Joint Working Group (Lighting) in CEN CEN Technical Report (no standard) Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Compact Fluorescent Lamp 1.1.4.1 Compact Fluorescent Lamp with integrated ballast 1.1.4.1 Compact Fluorescent Lamp non integrated ballast 1.1.4.1 Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage International Commission on Illumination Ceramic Metal Halide 1.1.4.1 CRI Colour Rendering Index (see also Ra) 269
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Free dissemination (Contract TREN/D
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
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6.1.7 Intelligent electronic dimmab
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Simplified
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Table 68: Category S (slow traffic)
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Table 144: Overview of ‘Mercury v
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Typical s
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Figure 69: Value of lamp production
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even the luminaire in its entirety
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1 PRODUCT DEFINITION The goal of th
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Figure 3: Typical street lighting l
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• Products such as private outdoo
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Figure 8: Example of Fast Traffic (
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“The maintained useful luminous f
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The two following characters indica
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parameters influencing the deprecia
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sum of the individual luminous flux
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This part of the European Standard
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(compact) lamps with power equal to
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Specifies the lamp dimensions, elec
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Specifies the safety requirements f
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Exceptions for lamps: this directiv
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Catalonia 2001: 'LLEI 6/2001, de 31
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Table 3: Mandatory Label for Ballas
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Table 7: Voluntary Label for Ballas
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2 MARKET AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The
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Millions of lamps 45,0 40,0 35,0 30
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parts no information on production
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Table 149 and Table 150 in ANNEX E
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Table 10: Overview of lamp and ball
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2.2 Market and stock data To overco
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An introduction message explained t
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Table 156 and Figure 14 indicate th
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pronounced, i.e. the apparent consu
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Road category Road length in 2004 S
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For luminaires we can conclude that
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causes higher currents and by conse
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2005 Luminaires TOTAL %EU25 Capita
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As will be explained in chapter 3 o
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2.3 Market trends 2.3.1 General tre
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manufacturers have dominated the in
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2.4 Consumer expenditure data 2.4.1
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Public street lighting is mainly op
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3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND LOCAL INFR
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Table 22: Relationship between phot
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4. Dimming to compensate for Lamp L
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can overcome this problem. This pow
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generation of gas discharge lamps i
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clear that light point locations ca
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with, Lav = QO x Eavg Table 28: Ave
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times the height. In category S, th
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ageing of the overall population wi
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4 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING PRODU
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lamps. It is unlikely that this wil
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Table 34: Input data for the manufa
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Table 37: Input data for the materi
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The general remarks about this inpu
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With regard to the different parts
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are not directly related to a speci
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4.2 Distribution phase The environm
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distance between light points is be
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Until now, existing scientific evid
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The energy efficiency in the use-ph
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Table 66: Category S (slow traffic)
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The real power consumption (Preal)
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Figure 24: A high amount of light i
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LPDireal [W/(lx.m²)] = P / LPDi /
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5 DEFINITION OF THE BASE CASE AND E
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This results in the following EuP E
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5.1 BaseCase Lamps and ballasts 5.1
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Category S In road category S (slow
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Table 76: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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Table 78: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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the higher weight of the control ge
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Table 80: Aggregated Production, Di
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5.3 BaseCase Sales The results in t
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5.3.2 Environmental Impact On www.e
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Table 84: Life Cycle Impact, Base C
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5.3.3 BaseCase Life Cycle Costs The
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Table 93: EU Total Impact of NEW Lu
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Discussion of results Again, EU25 t
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5.4.2 Environmental Impact Table 96
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Table 100: Life Cycle Impact, Base
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Table 102: Impacts sales versus sto
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6 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BAT AND BNAT S
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6.1.3 Luminaires with improved util
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there is an increased reflection on
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MH lamps can have a quite short lam
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Table 105: LSF for various lamp typ
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The energy saving advantages of dim
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6.2 State of the art of best existi
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6.3.3 WLEDs lamps Figure 37: Typica
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7 IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL 7.1 Introdu
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Option 1 (stock base): HPS retrofit
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• This option is only technically
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7.2.4 Table with EuP EcoReports for
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LCC in €/1000f-lm 300 250 200 150
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cost indicator (LCC) low high cost
Page 217 and 218: comfort of outdoor lighting, the fi
Page 219 and 220: 8 SCENARIO-, POLICY-, IMPACT- AND S
Page 221 and 222: • For lamps with Ra < 80 power ba
Page 223 and 224: Burning hours LLMF 16000h >0.90 Bur
Page 225 and 226: Proposed timing: ASAP because these
Page 227 and 228: 8.1.1.12 Specific ecodesign require
Page 229 and 230: Table 107: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 231 and 232: Table 111: Annual lamp sales, per c
Page 233 and 234: EU25 electricity consumption, altho
Page 235 and 236: Table 116: Aggregated results, Scen
Page 237 and 238: € increase. The increase between
Page 239 and 240: 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
Page 241 and 242: 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000
Page 243 and 244: Table 126: LCC of luminaire sales i
Page 245 and 246: 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000
Page 247 and 248: anking is from uncertainty in purch
Page 249 and 250: Uncertainty regarding assumed watta
Page 251 and 252: Table 131: Forecast of installed ba
Page 253 and 254: Table 133: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 255 and 256: taking into account pole removal an
Page 257 and 258: Recommendation 3: It is also recomm
Page 259 and 260: 8.2 Impact analysis industry and co
Page 261 and 262: existing installations could even i
Page 263 and 264: 9 REFERENCES AFE (2002) Recommandat
Page 265 and 266: CIE 135-1999: CIE Collection in vis
Page 267: Eurostat (2006). Road lengths of di
Page 271 and 272: IESNA ILCOS IP (rating) IRF ISO L L
Page 273 and 274: ANNEX A: PRODCOM CATEGORIES OF LIGH
Page 275 and 276: ANNEX B: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LAMP
Page 277 and 278: Year Region Table 141: Mercury vapo
Page 279 and 280: ANNEX C: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 281 and 282: ANNEX D: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR BALL
Page 283 and 284: Table 148: Parts (excluding of glas
Page 285 and 286: ANNEX E: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 287 and 288: ANNEX F: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LUMI
Page 289 and 290: ANNEX G: OVERVIEW OF LAMP AND BALLA
Page 291 and 292: Millions of ballasts 600 500 400 30
Page 293 and 294: ANNEX H: EXPERT-INQUIRY Preparatory
Page 295 and 296: You can already register for Office
Page 297 and 298: Road types In our study, we disting
Page 299 and 300: General street lighting data - Inst
Page 301 and 302: 6. Can you give us an estimation ab
Page 303 and 304: Standardization of public lighting
Page 305 and 306: Roads lit and control 15. What perc
Page 307 and 308: Road infrastructure 19. Can you giv
Page 309 and 310: Street lighting: Maintenance 22. Is
Page 311 and 312: Lamp type NaLP-TC (Low pressure sod
Page 313 and 314: lamp type wattage past present futu
Page 315 and 316: luminaire type default 1990 adapted
Page 317 and 318: ANNEX I: RESPONSE TO “EXPERT-INQU
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ANNEX J: EU-25 LAMP SALES Table 156
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ANNEX K: APPARENT CONSUMPTION VERSU
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Table 160: Apparent consumption of
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ANNEX L: CELMA MARKET ESTIMATIONS T
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ANNEX M: INSTALLED BASE OF STREET L
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ANNEX N: EUROPEAN ROAD NETWORK: 199
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Table 164: Length of European provi
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Table 166: Input data regarding roa
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ANNEX O: EU ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PRO
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Economic growth is not uniformly di
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ANNEX P: STAKEHOLDERS’ LIST First
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FOTISTIKI SA Pakis Sotiropoulos Gre
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Large control street office Philips
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