Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.1.4 Influence of lamp and ballast operation under non-standard conditions The performance parameters defined in chapter 1 are obtained under standard test conditions. Photometric data is obtained under test conditions specified in standard CIE 121-1996 on 'The Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires'. An important parameter that can deviate in real life is temperature (the default test temperature is 25 °C). Electrical data (e.g. power, ..) are also obtained under test conditions specified in standard EN 60598-1: 2004 on 'Luminaires. General requirements and tests'. An important parameter that can deviate in real life is line voltage, the default line voltage in EU 25 is 230 VAC with an exception for the UK (240 VAC). Hereafter we will discuss four factors that can influence energy consumption of luminaires in real life, they are: temperature, line voltage, lamp voltage and the ageing of the power factor compensating capacitor. None of these power consumption-influencing factors are taken into account when dimensioning a lighting installation according to standard EN 13201-3. It is important to realise that electronic ballasts are far less sensitive to these influences and therefore a compensation factor will be introduced in this study. 1. Temperature: Lamp efficacy and power consumption of fluorescent lamps are influenced by temperature. Therefore fluorescent lamps are not often used for outdoor lighting. 2. Line voltage: Power consumption and light output of gas discharge lamps vary with line voltage when electromagnetic ballasts are used, typical +/- 20 % power variation with +/- 10 % variation of line voltage. Line voltage variations of +/- 10 % are not exceptional in the public grid and are standard allowed, moreover in street lighting voltage drop over long lines can occur. Electronic ballasts with power control features can reduce these variations. By consequence it could be justified to equip lamps with this power control feature at a lower power set point (e.g. 90 %) because they still guarantee more minimum maintained light than ferromagnetic control gear. At present there is no clear standard that already enables this. 3. Lamp voltage: Power consumption and light output of gas discharge lamps vary also with lamp voltage when electromagnetic ballasts are used. Lamp voltage can vary with production variations and generally increases with aging. By consequence power consumption over lamp life (with electromagnetic ballasts) is not constant. Taking lamp and line voltage variations into account together, lamp power can vary strongly (+/- 30 %) with ferromagnetic ballasts. Only electronic ballast with power control features could overcome this problem. 4. Power factor compensating capacitor aging: Power factor compensation capacitors are used with ferromagnetic control gear. The capacitance decreases with capacitor age. Poor performance of this capacitor is causing an increase of useless currents in the distribution grid and additional power losses in this distribution grid. Moreover discharge lamps are causing third harmonic currents that cannot be compensated in ferromagnetic control gear with capacitors. These third harmonic currents (limited by EN 61000-3-2) can cause increased magnetic losses in distribution transformers. Only electronic ballast with pure sine wave electronic power factor correctors 94
can overcome this problem. This power factor corrector feature is standard for electronic control gear with lamp power above 22 Watt as required by EN 61000-3-2. According to a study in France (ADEME (2006)) 9% additional energy loss can be caused in the distribution grid by aged power factor capacitors. Parameter ‘Ballast Maintenance Factor’ BMF (see chapter 1): This parameter takes into account that magnetic ballasts are ageing (capacitor) and cause higher power consumption. So BMF < 1 for magnetic ballasts. For electronic ballasts BMF = 1. (BMF does not yet take other benefits of electronic ballasts into account as power stabilization and longer lamp lifetime, see also 6.1.7.) Table 25: Ballast Maintenance Factor (BMF): parameter values applied in this study Cat. F Cat. M Cat. S magnetic electronic magnetic electronic magnetic electronic ballast ballast ballast ballast ballast ballast BMF 0.95 1 0.95 1 0.95 1 95
Page 1 and 2:
Free dissemination (Contract TREN/D
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 5 and 6:
6.1.7 Intelligent electronic dimmab
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Simplified
Page 9 and 10:
Table 68: Category S (slow traffic)
Page 11 and 12:
Table 144: Overview of ‘Mercury v
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Typical s
Page 15:
Figure 69: Value of lamp production
Page 18 and 19:
even the luminaire in its entirety
Page 21 and 22:
1 PRODUCT DEFINITION The goal of th
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 3: Typical street lighting l
Page 25 and 26:
• Products such as private outdoo
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 8: Example of Fast Traffic (
Page 29 and 30:
“The maintained useful luminous f
Page 31 and 32:
The two following characters indica
Page 33 and 34:
parameters influencing the deprecia
Page 35 and 36:
sum of the individual luminous flux
Page 37 and 38:
This part of the European Standard
Page 39 and 40:
(compact) lamps with power equal to
Page 41 and 42:
Specifies the lamp dimensions, elec
Page 43 and 44: Specifies the safety requirements f
Page 45 and 46: Exceptions for lamps: this directiv
Page 47 and 48: Catalonia 2001: 'LLEI 6/2001, de 31
Page 49 and 50: Table 3: Mandatory Label for Ballas
Page 51 and 52: Table 7: Voluntary Label for Ballas
Page 53 and 54: 2 MARKET AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The
Page 55 and 56: Millions of lamps 45,0 40,0 35,0 30
Page 57 and 58: parts no information on production
Page 59 and 60: Table 149 and Table 150 in ANNEX E
Page 61 and 62: Table 10: Overview of lamp and ball
Page 63 and 64: 2.2 Market and stock data To overco
Page 65 and 66: An introduction message explained t
Page 67 and 68: Table 156 and Figure 14 indicate th
Page 69 and 70: pronounced, i.e. the apparent consu
Page 71 and 72: Road category Road length in 2004 S
Page 73 and 74: For luminaires we can conclude that
Page 75 and 76: causes higher currents and by conse
Page 77 and 78: 2005 Luminaires TOTAL %EU25 Capita
Page 79 and 80: As will be explained in chapter 3 o
Page 81 and 82: 2.3 Market trends 2.3.1 General tre
Page 83 and 84: manufacturers have dominated the in
Page 85 and 86: 2.4 Consumer expenditure data 2.4.1
Page 87 and 88: Public street lighting is mainly op
Page 89 and 90: 3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND LOCAL INFR
Page 91 and 92: Table 22: Relationship between phot
Page 93: 4. Dimming to compensate for Lamp L
Page 97 and 98: generation of gas discharge lamps i
Page 99 and 100: clear that light point locations ca
Page 101 and 102: with, Lav = QO x Eavg Table 28: Ave
Page 103 and 104: times the height. In category S, th
Page 105 and 106: ageing of the overall population wi
Page 107 and 108: 4 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING PRODU
Page 109 and 110: lamps. It is unlikely that this wil
Page 111 and 112: Table 34: Input data for the manufa
Page 113 and 114: Table 37: Input data for the materi
Page 115 and 116: The general remarks about this inpu
Page 121 and 122: With regard to the different parts
Page 129 and 130: are not directly related to a speci
Page 131 and 132: 4.2 Distribution phase The environm
Page 133 and 134: distance between light points is be
Page 135 and 136: Until now, existing scientific evid
Page 137 and 138: The energy efficiency in the use-ph
Page 139 and 140: Table 66: Category S (slow traffic)
Page 141 and 142: The real power consumption (Preal)
Page 143 and 144: Figure 24: A high amount of light i
Page 145 and 146:
LPDireal [W/(lx.m²)] = P / LPDi /
Page 147 and 148:
5 DEFINITION OF THE BASE CASE AND E
Page 149 and 150:
This results in the following EuP E
Page 151 and 152:
5.1 BaseCase Lamps and ballasts 5.1
Page 153 and 154:
Category S In road category S (slow
Page 155 and 156:
Table 76: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
Page 157 and 158:
Table 78: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
Page 159 and 160:
the higher weight of the control ge
Page 161 and 162:
Table 80: Aggregated Production, Di
Page 163 and 164:
5.3 BaseCase Sales The results in t
Page 165 and 166:
5.3.2 Environmental Impact On www.e
Page 167 and 168:
Table 84: Life Cycle Impact, Base C
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
5.3.3 BaseCase Life Cycle Costs The
Page 177 and 178:
Table 93: EU Total Impact of NEW Lu
Page 179 and 180:
Discussion of results Again, EU25 t
Page 181 and 182:
5.4.2 Environmental Impact Table 96
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Table 100: Life Cycle Impact, Base
Page 187 and 188:
Table 102: Impacts sales versus sto
Page 189 and 190:
6 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BAT AND BNAT S
Page 191 and 192:
6.1.3 Luminaires with improved util
Page 193 and 194:
there is an increased reflection on
Page 195 and 196:
MH lamps can have a quite short lam
Page 197 and 198:
Table 105: LSF for various lamp typ
Page 199 and 200:
The energy saving advantages of dim
Page 201 and 202:
6.2 State of the art of best existi
Page 203 and 204:
6.3.3 WLEDs lamps Figure 37: Typica
Page 205 and 206:
7 IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL 7.1 Introdu
Page 207 and 208:
Option 1 (stock base): HPS retrofit
Page 209 and 210:
• This option is only technically
Page 211 and 212:
7.2.4 Table with EuP EcoReports for
Page 213 and 214:
LCC in €/1000f-lm 300 250 200 150
Page 215 and 216:
cost indicator (LCC) low high cost
Page 217 and 218:
comfort of outdoor lighting, the fi
Page 219 and 220:
8 SCENARIO-, POLICY-, IMPACT- AND S
Page 221 and 222:
• For lamps with Ra < 80 power ba
Page 223 and 224:
Burning hours LLMF 16000h >0.90 Bur
Page 225 and 226:
Proposed timing: ASAP because these
Page 227 and 228:
8.1.1.12 Specific ecodesign require
Page 229 and 230:
Table 107: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 231 and 232:
Table 111: Annual lamp sales, per c
Page 233 and 234:
EU25 electricity consumption, altho
Page 235 and 236:
Table 116: Aggregated results, Scen
Page 237 and 238:
€ increase. The increase between
Page 239 and 240:
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
Page 241 and 242:
40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000
Page 243 and 244:
Table 126: LCC of luminaire sales i
Page 245 and 246:
45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000
Page 247 and 248:
anking is from uncertainty in purch
Page 249 and 250:
Uncertainty regarding assumed watta
Page 251 and 252:
Table 131: Forecast of installed ba
Page 253 and 254:
Table 133: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 255 and 256:
taking into account pole removal an
Page 257 and 258:
Recommendation 3: It is also recomm
Page 259 and 260:
8.2 Impact analysis industry and co
Page 261 and 262:
existing installations could even i
Page 263 and 264:
9 REFERENCES AFE (2002) Recommandat
Page 265 and 266:
CIE 135-1999: CIE Collection in vis
Page 267 and 268:
Eurostat (2006). Road lengths of di
Page 269 and 270:
10 ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS Abbre
Page 271 and 272:
IESNA ILCOS IP (rating) IRF ISO L L
Page 273 and 274:
ANNEX A: PRODCOM CATEGORIES OF LIGH
Page 275 and 276:
ANNEX B: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LAMP
Page 277 and 278:
Year Region Table 141: Mercury vapo
Page 279 and 280:
ANNEX C: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 281 and 282:
ANNEX D: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR BALL
Page 283 and 284:
Table 148: Parts (excluding of glas
Page 285 and 286:
ANNEX E: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 287 and 288:
ANNEX F: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LUMI
Page 289 and 290:
ANNEX G: OVERVIEW OF LAMP AND BALLA
Page 291 and 292:
Millions of ballasts 600 500 400 30
Page 293 and 294:
ANNEX H: EXPERT-INQUIRY Preparatory
Page 295 and 296:
You can already register for Office
Page 297 and 298:
Road types In our study, we disting
Page 299 and 300:
General street lighting data - Inst
Page 301 and 302:
6. Can you give us an estimation ab
Page 303 and 304:
Standardization of public lighting
Page 305 and 306:
Roads lit and control 15. What perc
Page 307 and 308:
Road infrastructure 19. Can you giv
Page 309 and 310:
Street lighting: Maintenance 22. Is
Page 311 and 312:
Lamp type NaLP-TC (Low pressure sod
Page 313 and 314:
lamp type wattage past present futu
Page 315 and 316:
luminaire type default 1990 adapted
Page 317 and 318:
ANNEX I: RESPONSE TO “EXPERT-INQU
Page 319 and 320:
ANNEX J: EU-25 LAMP SALES Table 156
Page 321 and 322:
ANNEX K: APPARENT CONSUMPTION VERSU
Page 323 and 324:
Table 160: Apparent consumption of
Page 325 and 326:
ANNEX L: CELMA MARKET ESTIMATIONS T
Page 327 and 328:
ANNEX M: INSTALLED BASE OF STREET L
Page 329 and 330:
ANNEX N: EUROPEAN ROAD NETWORK: 199
Page 331 and 332:
Table 164: Length of European provi
Page 333 and 334:
Table 166: Input data regarding roa
Page 335 and 336:
ANNEX O: EU ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PRO
Page 337 and 338:
Economic growth is not uniformly di
Page 339 and 340:
ANNEX P: STAKEHOLDERS’ LIST First
Page 341 and 342:
FOTISTIKI SA Pakis Sotiropoulos Gre
Page 343 and 344:
Large control street office Philips
show all

Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?