Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

Figure 30: Luminaires with high utilization factor (left) and luminaire with very poor utilization
factor due to the high upward light output (right).................................................. 191
Figure 31: New luminaires with multi-facet reflector (left, middle) that can be used for very
complicated area shape illumination...................................................................... 191
Figure 32: ‘Curved glass’ protector(left) versus ‘Flat glass’ luminaires (middle) and ‘flat disc
refractor’ luminaire (right) with low sky glow contribution.................................. 193
Figure 33: New developed HID lamp with dedicated dimming electronic ballast ................ 196
Figure 34: Typical set up for intelligent street lighting (source E-street) .............................. 198
Figure 35: Multi-layer structure of high reflective aluminium .............................................. 200
Figure 36: Street lighting luminaire with LEDs ((picture source: Philips, 2006).................. 202
Figure 37: Typical WLED...................................................................................................... 203
Figure 38: Energy saving by 'switching' lamp types (Source: ELC) ..................................... 207
Figure 39; Example of functional luminaire IP21 that was excluded from this improvement
option, reason: the open optic has a poor LMF due to dirt. ................................... 208
Figure 40: Example of balloon fluorescent (BF) lamps (left) that were excluded in this option
and the alternative tubular clear (TC) lamp. .......................................................... 209
Figure 41: Example of a luminaire that was excluded from this improvement option, reason: too
much upward light, little directed to walking lane and light loss in the opal diffuser.
................................................................................................................................ 209
Figure 42: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for
cat F........................................................................................................................ 213
Figure 43: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for
cat M....................................................................................................................... 213
Figure 44: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for
cat S........................................................................................................................ 214
Figure 45: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat F.............................. 214
Figure 46: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat M............................. 215
Figure 47: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat S.............................. 215
Figure 48: Typical model for LMF value specification according to CIE 154...................... 220
Figure 49: Installed base of street lighting luminaires, per category (mio. units).................. 230
Figure 50: New luminaires replacing old stock since 2005 (mio. units)................................ 230
Figure 51: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 232
Figure 52: Annual electricity use of old stock versus new luminaires since 2010 ................ 232
Figure 53: Functional light output FU, installed base (mio. functional lm)........................... 233
Figure 54: Total mercury content, installed base (in kg) ....................................................... 234
Figure 55: Annual lamp sales (mio. units) ............................................................................. 236
Figure 56: Annual expenditure, lamps (mio. Euros).............................................................. 236
Figure 57: Annual electricity use by installed base (unit: GWh)........................................... 237
Figure 58: Functional light lumen output (unit: mio. lm) ...................................................... 238
Figure 59: Total mercury content, installed base (in kg) ....................................................... 239
Figure 60: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 241
Figure 61: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 241
Figure 62: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 245
Figure 63: Uncertainty, category Fast.................................................................................... 247
Figure 64: Uncertainty, category Mixed ................................................................................ 247
Figure 65: Uncertainty, category Slow .................................................................................. 248
Figure 66: Scenario, luminaire life = pole life (no lock-in, no replacement sales)................ 252
Figure 67: Lamp production, trade and consumption volume in EU-25, 2003 ..................... 289
Figure 68: Value of lamp production, trade and consumption in EU-25, 2003..................... 290