Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

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applied recommendations (Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium). Because the model categories have higher lighting value requirements from category slow to fast the impact is similar with a shift in % lit roads in a defined catergory. It is likely that in the model, that road category ‘Fast Traffic’ is underestimated because (EUROSTAT) ‘State roads’ and ‘Provincial roads’, are now both and 100% summed under category ‘Mixed Traffic’ but should be partly lit according to ‘Fast Traffic’ lighting performance standards. Per 1% road category Mixed to category Fast: total EU25 electricity use decreases with 0,3%. Thus when 10% of State and Provincial roads are lighted as Fast Traffic roads, total EU25 electricity use decreases with 3%. It could also be likely that the amount of communal roads lighted as Mixed Traffic is underestimated. Currently, only 5% of communal roads are allocated to category Mixed Traffic. Per 1% extra communal road to Mixed road, total EU25 electricity use increases with 0,42%. Uncertainty regarding % road infrastructure growth Please note that the implementation of the new standard EN 13201 (2004) series can have a similar impact. Due to the lack of data about existing installations and their compliance with the new standard, the impact of the implementation of this standard could hardly be forecasted. Some installations probably do not comply with the new standard by reason of bad uniformity. Compliance could require installing more poles and thus can result in an increase in 'new lit streets' in model terminology. In category slow traffic, for 2005, 40 million base case luminaires were estimated and is hence the largest category in terms of n° luminaires, installed power, associated costs and impacts. Under the base assumption that this category of road is lighted at on average 7,5 lx would mean that approximately 22,5 %km of total road category S is lit (or 720.000 km lit street) with this amount of base case luminaires. The growth rate of street lighting stock is derived from the assumed growth rate of road infrastructure (% km) for this street category. Forecasting can be based on the assumption that annual growth rate since 1995 will continue after 2005 (approximately 1 %) but can also be based on the assumption that road infrastructure growth will follow the expected increase in transport activity (approximately 1,7 % annually). An in between value of 1,4% increase annually has been taken for the scenario analysis. At the same time, there are no indications to assume a relative growth of km lit street (km lit street / km total street remains 22,5%). In 2020, the amount of installed luminaires for this street category (slow traffic) is then between 47 mio. and 52,5 mio. depending on the underlying assumption for street lighting growth. Related annual lamp sales will than vary from 15 to 17 mio. units. In Table 131 and Table 132 the values are given for the amount of installed luminaires and related annual lamp use. Based on annual growth rate before 2005 (1%), expected luminaire life and installed base; luminaire replacement sales can be calculated. For category slow, in 2005, this amounts up to about 75% to 80% of total new luminaire sales. The so-called ‘lock-in effect’ can thus not be underestimated in this category. 250
Table 131: Forecast of installed base of luminaires and lamp use, Business as Usual (units: million) n° € n° € n° € n° € n° € n° € Luminaires (mio.) HPM HPS CMH CFL n.a. TOTAL 1990 10,9 1.666,3 19,4 3.394,8 0,7 130,7 3,1 459,4 0,0 0,0 34,0 5.651 1995 11,6 1.781,1 20,7 3.628,8 0,7 139,7 3,3 491,1 0,0 0,0 36,4 6.041 2000 12,2 1.872,3 21,8 3.814,6 0,8 146,8 3,4 516,3 0,0 0,0 38,2 6.350 2005 12,9 1.973,9 23,0 4.021,6 0,81 154,8 3,6 544,3 0,0 0,0 40,3 6.695 2010 13,8 2.110,0 24,5 4.291,1 0,9 172,9 4,0 599,6 0,0 0,0 43,2 7.173 2015 14,8 2.257,5 26,2 4.582,9 1,0 192,9 4,4 660,6 0,0 0,0 46,4 7.694 2020 15,8 2.415,4 28,0 4.894,5 1,1 214,9 4,8 727,3 0,0 0,0 49,7 8.252 Lamps (mio./yr) HPM HPS CMH CFL n.a. TOTAL 1990 4,5 17,1 5,1 77,1 0,4 7,9 1,1 4,2 0,0 0,0 11,1 106 1995 4,8 18,3 5,5 82,4 0,4 8,4 1,1 4,5 0,0 0,0 11,8 114 2000 5,1 19,2 5,8 86,6 0,4 8,8 1,2 4,8 0,0 0,0 12,4 119 2005 5,3 20,3 6,1 91,3 0,4 9,3 1,3 5,0 0,0 0,0 13,1 126 2010 5,7 21,7 6,5 97,5 0,5 10,4 1,4 5,5 0,0 0,0 14,1 135 2015 6,1 23,2 6,9 104,1 0,5 11,6 1,5 6,1 0,0 0,0 15,1 145 2020 6,5 24,8 7,4 111,2 0,6 12,9 1,7 6,7 0,0 0,0 16,2 156 251
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Free dissemination (Contract TREN/D
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
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6.1.7 Intelligent electronic dimmab
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Simplified
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Table 68: Category S (slow traffic)
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Table 144: Overview of ‘Mercury v
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Typical s
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Figure 69: Value of lamp production
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even the luminaire in its entirety
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1 PRODUCT DEFINITION The goal of th
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Figure 3: Typical street lighting l
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• Products such as private outdoo
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Figure 8: Example of Fast Traffic (
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“The maintained useful luminous f
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The two following characters indica
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parameters influencing the deprecia
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sum of the individual luminous flux
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This part of the European Standard
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(compact) lamps with power equal to
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Specifies the lamp dimensions, elec
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Specifies the safety requirements f
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Exceptions for lamps: this directiv
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Catalonia 2001: 'LLEI 6/2001, de 31
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Table 3: Mandatory Label for Ballas
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Table 7: Voluntary Label for Ballas
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2 MARKET AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The
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Millions of lamps 45,0 40,0 35,0 30
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parts no information on production
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Table 149 and Table 150 in ANNEX E
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Table 10: Overview of lamp and ball
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2.2 Market and stock data To overco
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An introduction message explained t
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Table 156 and Figure 14 indicate th
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pronounced, i.e. the apparent consu
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Road category Road length in 2004 S
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For luminaires we can conclude that
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causes higher currents and by conse
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2005 Luminaires TOTAL %EU25 Capita
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As will be explained in chapter 3 o
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2.3 Market trends 2.3.1 General tre
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manufacturers have dominated the in
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2.4 Consumer expenditure data 2.4.1
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Public street lighting is mainly op
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3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND LOCAL INFR
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Table 22: Relationship between phot
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4. Dimming to compensate for Lamp L
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can overcome this problem. This pow
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generation of gas discharge lamps i
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clear that light point locations ca
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with, Lav = QO x Eavg Table 28: Ave
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times the height. In category S, th
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ageing of the overall population wi
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4 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING PRODU
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lamps. It is unlikely that this wil
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Table 34: Input data for the manufa
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Table 37: Input data for the materi
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The general remarks about this inpu
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With regard to the different parts
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are not directly related to a speci
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4.2 Distribution phase The environm
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distance between light points is be
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Until now, existing scientific evid
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The energy efficiency in the use-ph
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Table 66: Category S (slow traffic)
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The real power consumption (Preal)
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Figure 24: A high amount of light i
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LPDireal [W/(lx.m²)] = P / LPDi /
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5 DEFINITION OF THE BASE CASE AND E
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This results in the following EuP E
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5.1 BaseCase Lamps and ballasts 5.1
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Category S In road category S (slow
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Table 76: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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Table 78: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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the higher weight of the control ge
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Table 80: Aggregated Production, Di
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5.3 BaseCase Sales The results in t
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5.3.2 Environmental Impact On www.e
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Table 84: Life Cycle Impact, Base C
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5.3.3 BaseCase Life Cycle Costs The
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Table 93: EU Total Impact of NEW Lu
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Discussion of results Again, EU25 t
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5.4.2 Environmental Impact Table 96
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Table 100: Life Cycle Impact, Base
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Table 102: Impacts sales versus sto
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6 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BAT AND BNAT S
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6.1.3 Luminaires with improved util
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there is an increased reflection on
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MH lamps can have a quite short lam
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Table 105: LSF for various lamp typ
Page 199 and 200: The energy saving advantages of dim
Page 201 and 202: 6.2 State of the art of best existi
Page 203 and 204: 6.3.3 WLEDs lamps Figure 37: Typica
Page 205 and 206: 7 IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL 7.1 Introdu
Page 207 and 208: Option 1 (stock base): HPS retrofit
Page 209 and 210: • This option is only technically
Page 211 and 212: 7.2.4 Table with EuP EcoReports for
Page 213 and 214: LCC in €/1000f-lm 300 250 200 150
Page 215 and 216: cost indicator (LCC) low high cost
Page 217 and 218: comfort of outdoor lighting, the fi
Page 219 and 220: 8 SCENARIO-, POLICY-, IMPACT- AND S
Page 221 and 222: • For lamps with Ra < 80 power ba
Page 223 and 224: Burning hours LLMF 16000h >0.90 Bur
Page 225 and 226: Proposed timing: ASAP because these
Page 227 and 228: 8.1.1.12 Specific ecodesign require
Page 229 and 230: Table 107: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 231 and 232: Table 111: Annual lamp sales, per c
Page 233 and 234: EU25 electricity consumption, altho
Page 235 and 236: Table 116: Aggregated results, Scen
Page 237 and 238: € increase. The increase between
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Page 241 and 242: 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000
Page 243 and 244: Table 126: LCC of luminaire sales i
Page 245 and 246: 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000
Page 247 and 248: anking is from uncertainty in purch
Page 249: Uncertainty regarding assumed watta
Page 253 and 254: Table 133: Aggregated results, Busi
Page 255 and 256: taking into account pole removal an
Page 257 and 258: Recommendation 3: It is also recomm
Page 259 and 260: 8.2 Impact analysis industry and co
Page 261 and 262: existing installations could even i
Page 263 and 264: 9 REFERENCES AFE (2002) Recommandat
Page 265 and 266: CIE 135-1999: CIE Collection in vis
Page 267 and 268: Eurostat (2006). Road lengths of di
Page 269 and 270: 10 ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS Abbre
Page 271 and 272: IESNA ILCOS IP (rating) IRF ISO L L
Page 273 and 274: ANNEX A: PRODCOM CATEGORIES OF LIGH
Page 275 and 276: ANNEX B: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LAMP
Page 277 and 278: Year Region Table 141: Mercury vapo
Page 279 and 280: ANNEX C: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 281 and 282: ANNEX D: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR BALL
Page 283 and 284: Table 148: Parts (excluding of glas
Page 285 and 286: ANNEX E: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
Page 287 and 288: ANNEX F: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LUMI
Page 289 and 290: ANNEX G: OVERVIEW OF LAMP AND BALLA
Page 291 and 292: Millions of ballasts 600 500 400 30
Page 293 and 294: ANNEX H: EXPERT-INQUIRY Preparatory
Page 295 and 296: You can already register for Office
Page 297 and 298: Road types In our study, we disting
Page 299 and 300: General street lighting data - Inst
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6. Can you give us an estimation ab
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Standardization of public lighting
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Roads lit and control 15. What perc
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Road infrastructure 19. Can you giv
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Street lighting: Maintenance 22. Is
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Lamp type NaLP-TC (Low pressure sod
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lamp type wattage past present futu
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luminaire type default 1990 adapted
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ANNEX I: RESPONSE TO “EXPERT-INQU
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ANNEX J: EU-25 LAMP SALES Table 156
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ANNEX K: APPARENT CONSUMPTION VERSU
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Table 160: Apparent consumption of
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ANNEX L: CELMA MARKET ESTIMATIONS T
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ANNEX M: INSTALLED BASE OF STREET L
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ANNEX N: EUROPEAN ROAD NETWORK: 199
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Table 164: Length of European provi
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Table 166: Input data regarding roa
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ANNEX O: EU ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PRO
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Economic growth is not uniformly di
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ANNEX P: STAKEHOLDERS’ LIST First
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FOTISTIKI SA Pakis Sotiropoulos Gre
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Large control street office Philips
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Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

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