Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

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Figure 30: Luminaires with high utilization factor (left) and luminaire with very poor utilization factor due to the high upward light output (right).................................................. 191 Figure 31: New luminaires with multi-facet reflector (left, middle) that can be used for very complicated area shape illumination...................................................................... 191 Figure 32: ‘Curved glass’ protector(left) versus ‘Flat glass’ luminaires (middle) and ‘flat disc refractor’ luminaire (right) with low sky glow contribution.................................. 193 Figure 33: New developed HID lamp with dedicated dimming electronic ballast ................ 196 Figure 34: Typical set up for intelligent street lighting (source E-street) .............................. 198 Figure 35: Multi-layer structure of high reflective aluminium .............................................. 200 Figure 36: Street lighting luminaire with LEDs ((picture source: Philips, 2006).................. 202 Figure 37: Typical WLED...................................................................................................... 203 Figure 38: Energy saving by 'switching' lamp types (Source: ELC) ..................................... 207 Figure 39; Example of functional luminaire IP21 that was excluded from this improvement option, reason: the open optic has a poor LMF due to dirt. ................................... 208 Figure 40: Example of balloon fluorescent (BF) lamps (left) that were excluded in this option and the alternative tubular clear (TC) lamp. .......................................................... 209 Figure 41: Example of a luminaire that was excluded from this improvement option, reason: too much upward light, little directed to walking lane and light loss in the opal diffuser. ................................................................................................................................ 209 Figure 42: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for cat F........................................................................................................................ 213 Figure 43: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for cat M....................................................................................................................... 213 Figure 44: All options ranked according to 'energy saving potential' with LCC information for cat S........................................................................................................................ 214 Figure 45: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat F.............................. 214 Figure 46: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat M............................. 215 Figure 47: Energy saving versus impact on LCC for all options in cat S.............................. 215 Figure 48: Typical model for LMF value specification according to CIE 154...................... 220 Figure 49: Installed base of street lighting luminaires, per category (mio. units).................. 230 Figure 50: New luminaires replacing old stock since 2005 (mio. units)................................ 230 Figure 51: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 232 Figure 52: Annual electricity use of old stock versus new luminaires since 2010 ................ 232 Figure 53: Functional light output FU, installed base (mio. functional lm)........................... 233 Figure 54: Total mercury content, installed base (in kg) ....................................................... 234 Figure 55: Annual lamp sales (mio. units) ............................................................................. 236 Figure 56: Annual expenditure, lamps (mio. Euros).............................................................. 236 Figure 57: Annual electricity use by installed base (unit: GWh)........................................... 237 Figure 58: Functional light lumen output (unit: mio. lm) ...................................................... 238 Figure 59: Total mercury content, installed base (in kg) ....................................................... 239 Figure 60: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 241 Figure 61: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 241 Figure 62: Annual electricity use of installed base (unit: GWh)............................................ 245 Figure 63: Uncertainty, category Fast.................................................................................... 247 Figure 64: Uncertainty, category Mixed ................................................................................ 247 Figure 65: Uncertainty, category Slow .................................................................................. 248 Figure 66: Scenario, luminaire life = pole life (no lock-in, no replacement sales)................ 252 Figure 67: Lamp production, trade and consumption volume in EU-25, 2003 ..................... 289 Figure 68: Value of lamp production, trade and consumption in EU-25, 2003..................... 290
Figure 69: Value of lamp production, trade and consumption in EU-25, 2003..................... 291 Figure 70: Value of ballast production, trade and consumption in EU-25, 2003 .................. 292 Figure 71: Number of installed luminaires per capita (Source : data from literature and expert inquiry completed with CELMA market data estimations for missing Member States ................................................................................................................................ 327 Figure 72: Total number of installed luminaires in EU-25 per Member State (Source: Calculation based on a combination of data from literature and expert inquiry and CELMA market estimations .................................................................................. 328
Page 1 and 2: Free dissemination (Contract TREN/D
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMA
Page 5 and 6: 6.1.7 Intelligent electronic dimmab
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Simplified
Page 9 and 10: Table 68: Category S (slow traffic)
Page 11 and 12: Table 144: Overview of ‘Mercury v
Page 13: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Typical s
Page 18 and 19: even the luminaire in its entirety
Page 21 and 22: 1 PRODUCT DEFINITION The goal of th
Page 23 and 24: Figure 3: Typical street lighting l
Page 25 and 26: • Products such as private outdoo
Page 27 and 28: Figure 8: Example of Fast Traffic (
Page 29 and 30: “The maintained useful luminous f
Page 31 and 32: The two following characters indica
Page 33 and 34: parameters influencing the deprecia
Page 35 and 36: sum of the individual luminous flux
Page 37 and 38: This part of the European Standard
Page 39 and 40: (compact) lamps with power equal to
Page 41 and 42: Specifies the lamp dimensions, elec
Page 43 and 44: Specifies the safety requirements f
Page 45 and 46: Exceptions for lamps: this directiv
Page 47 and 48: Catalonia 2001: 'LLEI 6/2001, de 31
Page 49 and 50: Table 3: Mandatory Label for Ballas
Page 51 and 52: Table 7: Voluntary Label for Ballas
Page 53 and 54: 2 MARKET AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The
Page 55 and 56: Millions of lamps 45,0 40,0 35,0 30
Page 57 and 58: parts no information on production
Page 59 and 60: Table 149 and Table 150 in ANNEX E
Page 61 and 62: Table 10: Overview of lamp and ball
Page 63 and 64: 2.2 Market and stock data To overco
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An introduction message explained t
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Table 156 and Figure 14 indicate th
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pronounced, i.e. the apparent consu
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Road category Road length in 2004 S
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For luminaires we can conclude that
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causes higher currents and by conse
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2005 Luminaires TOTAL %EU25 Capita
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As will be explained in chapter 3 o
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2.3 Market trends 2.3.1 General tre
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manufacturers have dominated the in
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2.4 Consumer expenditure data 2.4.1
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Public street lighting is mainly op
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3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND LOCAL INFR
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Table 22: Relationship between phot
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4. Dimming to compensate for Lamp L
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can overcome this problem. This pow
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generation of gas discharge lamps i
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clear that light point locations ca
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with, Lav = QO x Eavg Table 28: Ave
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times the height. In category S, th
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ageing of the overall population wi
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4 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING PRODU
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lamps. It is unlikely that this wil
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Table 34: Input data for the manufa
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Table 37: Input data for the materi
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The general remarks about this inpu
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With regard to the different parts
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are not directly related to a speci
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4.2 Distribution phase The environm
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distance between light points is be
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Until now, existing scientific evid
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The energy efficiency in the use-ph
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Table 66: Category S (slow traffic)
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The real power consumption (Preal)
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Figure 24: A high amount of light i
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LPDireal [W/(lx.m²)] = P / LPDi /
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5 DEFINITION OF THE BASE CASE AND E
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This results in the following EuP E
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5.1 BaseCase Lamps and ballasts 5.1
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Category S In road category S (slow
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Table 76: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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Table 78: Life Cycle Impact per Bas
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the higher weight of the control ge
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Table 80: Aggregated Production, Di
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5.3 BaseCase Sales The results in t
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5.3.2 Environmental Impact On www.e
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Table 84: Life Cycle Impact, Base C
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5.3.3 BaseCase Life Cycle Costs The
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Table 93: EU Total Impact of NEW Lu
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Discussion of results Again, EU25 t
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5.4.2 Environmental Impact Table 96
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Table 100: Life Cycle Impact, Base
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Table 102: Impacts sales versus sto
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6 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BAT AND BNAT S
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6.1.3 Luminaires with improved util
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there is an increased reflection on
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MH lamps can have a quite short lam
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Table 105: LSF for various lamp typ
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The energy saving advantages of dim
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6.2 State of the art of best existi
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6.3.3 WLEDs lamps Figure 37: Typica
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7 IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL 7.1 Introdu
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Option 1 (stock base): HPS retrofit
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• This option is only technically
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7.2.4 Table with EuP EcoReports for
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LCC in €/1000f-lm 300 250 200 150
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cost indicator (LCC) low high cost
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comfort of outdoor lighting, the fi
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8 SCENARIO-, POLICY-, IMPACT- AND S
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• For lamps with Ra < 80 power ba
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Burning hours LLMF 16000h >0.90 Bur
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Proposed timing: ASAP because these
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8.1.1.12 Specific ecodesign require
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Table 107: Aggregated results, Busi
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Table 111: Annual lamp sales, per c
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EU25 electricity consumption, altho
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Table 116: Aggregated results, Scen
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€ increase. The increase between
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500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100
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40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000
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Table 126: LCC of luminaire sales i
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45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000
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anking is from uncertainty in purch
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Uncertainty regarding assumed watta
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Table 131: Forecast of installed ba
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Table 133: Aggregated results, Busi
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taking into account pole removal an
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Recommendation 3: It is also recomm
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8.2 Impact analysis industry and co
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existing installations could even i
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9 REFERENCES AFE (2002) Recommandat
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CIE 135-1999: CIE Collection in vis
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Eurostat (2006). Road lengths of di
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10 ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS Abbre
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IESNA ILCOS IP (rating) IRF ISO L L
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ANNEX A: PRODCOM CATEGORIES OF LIGH
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ANNEX B: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LAMP
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Year Region Table 141: Mercury vapo
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ANNEX C: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
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ANNEX D: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR BALL
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Table 148: Parts (excluding of glas
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ANNEX E: OVERVIEW OF PRODUCTION, TR
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ANNEX F: EUROPROMS RESULTS FOR LUMI
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ANNEX G: OVERVIEW OF LAMP AND BALLA
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Millions of ballasts 600 500 400 30
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ANNEX H: EXPERT-INQUIRY Preparatory
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You can already register for Office
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Road types In our study, we disting
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General street lighting data - Inst
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6. Can you give us an estimation ab
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Standardization of public lighting
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Roads lit and control 15. What perc
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Road infrastructure 19. Can you giv
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Street lighting: Maintenance 22. Is
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Lamp type NaLP-TC (Low pressure sod
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lamp type wattage past present futu
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luminaire type default 1990 adapted
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ANNEX I: RESPONSE TO “EXPERT-INQU
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ANNEX J: EU-25 LAMP SALES Table 156
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ANNEX K: APPARENT CONSUMPTION VERSU
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Table 160: Apparent consumption of
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ANNEX L: CELMA MARKET ESTIMATIONS T
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ANNEX M: INSTALLED BASE OF STREET L
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ANNEX N: EUROPEAN ROAD NETWORK: 199
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Table 164: Length of European provi
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Table 166: Input data regarding roa
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ANNEX O: EU ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PRO
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Economic growth is not uniformly di
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ANNEX P: STAKEHOLDERS’ LIST First
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FOTISTIKI SA Pakis Sotiropoulos Gre
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Large control street office Philips
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Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

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