Final Report Lot 9: Public street lighting - Amper

parameters influencing the depreciation process and develops the procedure for estimating the
economic maintenance cycles for outdoor electric lighting installations and gives advice on
servicing techniques.
Important performance parameters included:
Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factors (LLMF) .
Lamp Survival Factor (LSF)
Remarks:
• The LLMF and LSF values are average values according to lamp type.
• Individual lamp manufacturers can bring products on the market with significantly deviated
Lumen Output; it is more than likely that also LLMF and LSF will deviate. Therefore ELC
provided new data, adapted to their present product range (see chapter 6).
1.1.4.2 Segmentation of Ballasts
Discharge lamps (fluorescent, HID, ..) and solid state lamps can not be connected directly to the
mains and need in some cases a lamp starting aid. Therefore lamp control gear is needed.
Control gear conventionally consists of three parts: a ballast (coil), a capacitor and an ignitor.
Commonly the control gear is called ballast.
Alternatively, electronic gear is used in some cases, also commonly indicated as electronic
ballast.
There is an existing EuP directive 2000/55/EC on 'energy efficiency requirements for ballasts
for fluorescent lighting'. The purpose of this directive is to improve the efficiency of the
systems by limiting the ballast losses. For this purpose, CELMA developed a classification
system that takes both parts of the system into account, the lamp and the ballast and that is
compliant with the directive. Ballasts are given an energy efficiency index (EEI) classification.
The label on the product will indicate the class defined through the Energy Efficiency Index
(EEI). The corrected total input power of the lamp-ballast circuit is defined as the ‘‘Energy
Efficiency Index’’ (EEI) of the ballast-lamp combination. The grading consists of different
classes defined by a limiting value. There are seven classes of efficiency: A1, A2, A3, B1, B2,
C and D. The classes have no direct correlation to a specific technology; every class is defined
by a limiting value of total input power related to the corresponding ballast lumen factor (BLF).
This directive bans ballast classes C and D from the European market, but is only legitimate and
applicable for fluorescent lamps; there is no comparable directive for HID lamps. So there is a
gap in legislation on energy efficiency requirements for ballasts used in street lighting, because
in public street lighting mainly HID-lamps are used.
Ballast categories used in this study are:
• Ferromagnetic or electromagnetic ballasts for discharge lamps. The parts are: a magnetic
ballast coil, an ignitor (not for HgHP-lamps) and a power factor capacitor. There exists also
dimmable or 'bi-level' ferromagnetic ballasts (see chapter 6).
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