Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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TL II was implemented in 10 target countries during Phase 1. These were Mali, Niger, and Nigeria representing West and Central Africa (WCA); Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA); and India, representing South Asia (Figure 1-1). The TL II project’s approach for improving the productivity and production of tropical legumes includes, among others: • Understanding the legumes’ environment (through baseline, market and impact studies, effective monitoring and evaluation systems) and leveraging existing knowledge; • Developing farmer- and market-preferred crop varieties and integrated crop management technologies; • Establishing sustainable seed production and delivery systems; • Capacity building for NARS; and • Creating awareness and reaching farmers with available technologies. Detailed presentations of progress made and lessons learned during Phase 1 are presented for each of the two crosscutting (targeting and seed systems) and six crop objectives in the respective sections that follow this report. Highlights of progress made so far are presented here. Figure 1-1: TL II target countries in Phase 1 Mali Niger Nigeria Ethiopia India Kenya Tanzania Malawi 1000 Ha (avg. 2005-07: FAOSTAT) Bean Chickpea Cowpea Groundnut Pigeonpea Soybean Zimbabwe Mozambique COUNTRY CROP Chickpea Common Cowpea Ground Pigeon Soybean bean nut pea Mali - - 261 308 - 2 Niger 0 18 4132 338 - - Nigeria - - 4346 2214 - 623 Ethiopia 204 209 - 34 - 5 Kenya - 959 136 17 177 3 Tanzania 70 720 150 411 68 5 Malawi 89 246 79 250 156 - Mozambique - - - 294 - - India 7043 8722 - 6263 3553 8307 Total 7406 10874 9105 10129 3954 8945 World total 10903 26133 10749 23069 4678 92507 % of world 67.9 41.6 84.7 43.9 84.5 9.7 The Environment Data on understanding the grain legumes’ environment in the target countries have been obtained from baseline studies through household surveys (e.g. Asfaw et al 2009; Kiresur et al 2009a, 2009b; Lokesha et al 2009a, 2009b; Simtowe et al 2009; and Suhasini et al 2009a, 2009b); Ndjeunga et al 2010; situation analyses studies (Kassie et al 2009; Katungi et al 2009); literature reviews of published works (Shiferaw et al 2008a; Abate et al 2011, 2012; Kassie et al 2011). Table 1-1 presents highlights of some data on socio-demographic information, ownership of some physical capital, sources of information on improved technologies, adoption, and investment by target 2 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 1-1: Examples of selected baseline data in TL II countries Parameter Country Mali Niger Nigeria Ethiopia Kenya Malawi Mozambique Tanzania India Socio-demographic information Age (yrs) 57.20 46.90 47.80 43.30 48.70 45.00 - 1 45.40 46.70 Education (# yrs) 1.60 0.50 3.10 2.80 7.30 5.00 - 4.80 6.50 HH size (number) 18.90 10.30 9.30 7.00 6.30 4.80 - 5.20 6.20 Farm size (ha/household) 7.90 11.90 7.80 2.60 1.70 1.10 3.60 2.70 2.50 TL II legumes plot size (ha/ 1.31 1.75 0.68 0.48 0.14 0.27 0.43 0.27 1.03 household) TL II crops as percent of total area 12.92 33.50 16.02 9.61 27.98 28.13 12.26 18.62 19.41 (%) Ownership of physical capital (%) Radio 85.00 70.80 76.10 79.40 87.20 53.00 - - 22.60 Television 23.00 16.30 28.80 1.90 19.20 3.00 - - 55.70 Mobile phone 52.30 0.50 43.60 12.20 44.00 5.00 - - - Information sources on agricultural technologies (%) Government extension - 13.23 27.50 41.95 2.00 28.70 70.50 73.83 24.31 Another farmer - 19.77 60.00 53.61 85.00 52.53 41.60 22.62 84.12 Research - 21.50 - 4.15 0.00 - - 15.70 3.07 NGOs - 4.30 - 0.97 2.00 3.10 - - 0.33 Adoption and constraints to adoption (%) Use of improved seed 3.00 5.00 6.00 42.53 37.40 21.83 20.92 19.00 - Farmers using own saved seed 80.47 86.42 70.87 66.00 31.40 73.67 - 72.50 80.00 Unavailability of seed (as constraint) 83.44 60.00 55.56 - - 60.00 - 71.60 37.49 Access to credit 46.00 43.00 9.00 73.51 73.00 - - 14.40 17.66 Investment in AR4D Total spending (million US$ PPP 24.60 6.20 239.60 68.60 171.50 - 17.70 77.20 1400.00 2005) Spending per farmer (US$ PPP 2005) 9.66 1.53 32.88 2.24 13.36 - 2.12 4.76 25.02 2 Intensity ratio (%) 3 0.64 0.25 0.42 0.27 1.30 - 0.38 0.50 0.38 1 Data not given/not available; 2 Author’s estimation; 3 Spending as a percentage of agricultural output (AgDP) Progress of Phase 1 3
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Seed production and delivery system
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63:
Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67:
The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Supply of important traits by the i
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and marketing organization in Malaw
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Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Page 244 and 245:
Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
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Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
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At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
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Number of NARS scientists trained T
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Improved access to markets Improved
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Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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