Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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Table 10-6: Various classes of quality seed produced in ESA (MT) Country No. of varieties Breeder Foundation Certified Total Tanzania 3 10.80 54.00 205.50 270.30 Malawi 3 2.40 37.70 143.00 183.10 ICRISAT-Nairobi 9 7.98 - - - Total 15 21.18 91.70 348.50 461.38 Table 10-7: Breeder Seed of different varieties produced at ICRISAT-Nairobi (MT) Variety Tolerance & Special Trait(s) Breeder seed ICEAP 00040 LD 1 and wilt tolerant variety released in Kenya(KARI Mbaazi-2, Tanzania 2.14 (Mali), Malawi (Kachangu) and Mozambique ICEAP 00557 MD variety released in Malawi(Mwaiwathu Alimi) and Mozambique; and 1.16 final stages of release process in Tanzania and Kenya ICEAP 00554 MD variety released in Mozambique and under NPT in Kenya, Tanzania 0.93 and Malawi ICPL 87091 SD variety released in Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda 0.92 ICEAP 00053 LD variety under NPT in Tanzania 0.85 ICEAP 00932 LD variety released in Kenya and under NPT in Tanzania 0.64 ICEAP 00936 LD variety under PVS in Tanzania 0.6 ICEAP 00020 LD variety released in Mozambique 0.38 ICEAP 00850 MD variety released in Kenya 0.36 Total 7.98 Table 10-8: Different classes of pigeonpea seed produced (MT) in Tanzania and Malawi (2008-2010 crop seasons) Variety Breeder Foundation Certified Tanzania Mali(ICEAP 00040) 3.5 54.0 178.5 Tumia (ICEAP 00068) 2.8 11.5 Komboa (ICPL 87091) 4.5 15.5 Malawi Sauma (ICP 9145) 1.2 - 108.0 Kachangu (ICEAP 00040) 1.2 63.0 Mwaiwathu Alimi (ICEAP 00557) 9.7 - Table 10-9: Amounts (MT) Foundation Seed of four pigeonpea varieties distributed to farmers in Tanzania Year Variety Total Area covered Mali ICEAP 00053 ICEAP 00932 ICEAP 00554 (ha) 2008 5.0 3.6 - - 8.6 995 2009 3.0 2.0 - - 5.0 667 2010 4.2 2.0 0.4 0.8 7.4 991 Total 12.2 7.6 0.4 0.8 21.0 2,653 Table 10-10: Seed distributed to farmers’ groups for seed production in Tanzania (MT) Year Variety Total seed Seed No. farmer groups Mali ICEAP 00053 ICEAP 00932 ICEAP 00554 distributed Produced participated 2008 0.7 0.3 - - 1.0 3.0 7 2009 0.38 0.28 0.02 0.02 0.7 5.0 8 Total 1.08 0.58 0.02 0.02 1.7 11.0 15 1 LD, MD and SD refer to long-, medium- and short-duration, respectively 212 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Seed Production and Delivery Strategies Various seed production and delivery strategies have been tried for various seed classes. The most effective ones are summarized in Table 10-11. Table 10-11: Effective seed systems identified for pigeonpea production in Tanzania and Malawi Seed class Malawi Tanzania Breeder Seed Research centers Research centres Foundation Seed Revolving seed scheme, private sector, NGOs Farmer-Field-Schools, private sector, NGOs Certified Seed Specialized smallholder farmers Farm organizations Quality Declared Seed Farmers, farm organizations Farmers, farm organizations Two major non-governmental organizations have been identified in Tanzania (Dutch Connection and KIMAS) and three in Malawi (PLAN Malawi, CARE Malawi and MVP) which are actively involved in legume seed production and distribution. Two private seed companies in Malawi (Funwe Seeds and Seed Co) and four in Tanzania (ASA, Zenobia, Krishna, Miombo Estate) venture into commercial seed production. Three pro-poor seed delivery seed systems such as seed revolving fund facility, community seed banks, and farmer field schools were tested. Community-based seed production and marketing systems like quality declared seed (QDS), which is tested in Tanzania for dissemination of truthfully labeled seed of high quality could be one strategy for easing the seed shortage problem, especially for open-pollinated cereals or self-pollinated legumes like pigeonpea. The private sector lacks the incentive to participate in the enhanced delivery of seed of these crops as the size of the market is small and farmers are able to use recycled seed for 3-5 years. Strengthening the on-going farmer based seed production program and revolving seed scheme by improving farmers’ skills in seed multiplication can assist in increasing the supply of seed for improved varieties both within communities and to the formal seed system. The revolving seed scheme where target farmers are often organized into groups or cooperatives access a certain amount of seed of improved varieties from a supplier (e.g., NGO or Ministry of Agriculture) and return at least the same amount of seed in-kind, is an important mechanism in the absence of adequate supply of improved seed to reach all farmers. The development of a commercial seed sector should go in parallel with the development of a commercial grain market, which is poorly developed in most parts of the countries. In the absence of a commercial grain market, it is unreasonable to expect a commercial seed market to emerge. Agro-processing and other forms of value adding such as packaging would significantly increase the profitability of pigeonpea production. Capacity building Training of farmers In Tanzania, training sessions were organized on pigeonpea agronomy with participation of eight farmer groups involved in seed production. Field days, farmers’ fairs In Tanzania, four farmers’ field days with participation of 1554 farmers and additional 6200 farmers were trained on various pigeonpea technologies including quality seed production and processing and generated greater interest about new varieties among various stakeholders. Twenty five farmer’s field days were conducted in Central and Southern Malawi with participation of 1355 farmers also generated greater awareness on quality seed. The field day events in Southern Malawi were covered on Malawi television (TVM), Malawi Broadcasting Cooperation (MBC) Zodiac Broadcasting Station (ZBS) and The Nation newspaper. Progress of Phase 1 213
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Seed production and delivery system
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173: Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179: Identification of farmer-and-market
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Supply of important traits by the i
Page 234 and 235: and marketing organization in Malaw
Page 236 and 237: Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Page 244 and 245: Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
Page 250 and 251: At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
Page 252 and 253: Number of NARS scientists trained T
Page 254 and 255: Improved access to markets Improved
Page 256 and 257: Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
Page 258 and 259: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 260 and 261: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 262: 252 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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