Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
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variety giving high grain yields in multiple locations under on-station and on-farm trials, its capacity<br />
to nodulate under natural field conditions, and its ability to mature early. During the two-year multilocation<br />
on-station trials conducted in Malawi, the promiscuous variety gave the highest mean grain<br />
yield <strong>of</strong> 2464 kg per ha. It exceeded the grain variety Nasoko and the widely grown promiscuous<br />
variety Magoye, which were used as checks, by 10% and 32%, respectively. This variety per<strong>for</strong>med<br />
equally well during on-farm PVS in four districts <strong>of</strong> central Malawi. In 2009/10 season, it out-yielded<br />
all the new types <strong>of</strong> soybean varieties under testing with the average yield <strong>of</strong> 2248 kg per ha. It also<br />
surpassed Nasoko and Magoye by 15% and 38%, respectively. The farmers had many reasons <strong>for</strong> liking<br />
it — it matures early, has more pods per plant, per<strong>for</strong>ms well under poor and erratic rainfall, and has<br />
better lodging resistance. It received the name ‘Tikolore’ (let us harvest) by farmers.<br />
In Kenya five soybean varieties (Nyala, Hill, Black Hawk, Gazelle, and EAI 3600) that have been used in<br />
the country <strong>for</strong> a long time were <strong>of</strong>ficially released and registered in April 2009 by KEPHIS. In June 2010,<br />
two dual-purpose promiscuous varieties (TGx 1740-2F and TGx 1895-33F) were released (Table 11-15).<br />
TGx 1740-2F was found to be high yielding (6.5% over the mean <strong>of</strong> checks), high biomass (1.5 - 3 MT<br />
per ha), rust tolerant, nodulates with indigenous populations <strong>of</strong> rhizobia in western Kenya, has high pod<br />
clearance (13.2 cm) and high pod load, and good <strong>for</strong> making soymilk. TGx 1895-33F also showed high<br />
yield (7.7% over the mean <strong>of</strong> checks), high biomass (2.5 - 3 MT per ha), promiscuous nodulation, high<br />
pod clearance (9.1 cm), high pod load, cream yellow seed color, large seed size and good <strong>for</strong> making<br />
soymilk.<br />
Five candidate lines, namely, TGx 1740-2F (Wanini), TGx 1908-8F (Wima), TGx 1904-6F (Zamboane),<br />
TGx 1937-1F (Olima), TGx 1485-1D (Sana) were submitted <strong>for</strong> registration and released in Mozambique.<br />
This is the first time Mozambique has <strong>of</strong>ficially released soybean varieties.<br />
Soybean Breeder’s Seed production<br />
In Malawi, a total <strong>of</strong> 22.5 MT <strong>of</strong> Breeder’s Seed was produced in 2008-2010 from five varieties (Table<br />
11-16). This seed went into foundation seed production. Seeds produced from elite breeding lines<br />
were used <strong>for</strong> experimental purposes both on-station and on-farm. Similarly, in Mozambique, 29T<br />
<strong>of</strong> Breeder’s Seed was produced over three years from more than half a dozen candidate varieties. In<br />
Nigeria the total amount over three years was 3.2 MT from nine varieties. In Kenya 8.5 MT <strong>of</strong> Breeder’s<br />
Seed was produced. Overall, the total amount <strong>of</strong> Breeder’s Seed produced from soybean across project<br />
countries and years amounted to 64 MT.<br />
Elite materials shared with NARS<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 357 soybean genotypes were shared among partners in the past three years (Table 11-17.<br />
These materials included the ones used <strong>for</strong> fast-tracking testing where varieties were released and new<br />
lines developed with resistance to rust. Tests on these new breeding lines in Malawi at four locations<br />
(Chitedze, Mbawa, Chitala and Makoka) in 2009/10 showed that significant differences <strong>for</strong> grain<br />
yield among genotypes were observed at Chitala and Makoka (Table 11-18). However, no significant<br />
differences were observed at Chitedze and Mbawa. Higher average yield was obtained at Chitedze<br />
Research Station (2250 kg per ha), followed by Chitala (1656 kg per ha). TGx 1987-62F was the highest<br />
yielder across sites (2144 kg per ha). At Chitedze Research Station, TGx 1987-10F out-yielded all the<br />
tested lines with a grain yield amounting to 3274 kg per ha, followed by TGx 1987-62F (2919 kg per<br />
ha). At Makoka, TGx 1987-64F was the best per<strong>for</strong>mer with a grain yield <strong>of</strong> 1408 kg per ha, followed<br />
by TGx 1987-62F (1389 kg per ha). These are the only two lines which out-yielded the control Magoye<br />
(1161 kg per ha). TGx 1805-31F (3264 kg per ha) and TGx 1485-1D (2458 kg per ha) yielded higher<br />
than the rest <strong>of</strong> the tested lines at Mbawa Research Station while at Chitala TGx 1485-1D and TGx<br />
1987-18F had higher yields <strong>of</strong> 2228 and 2211 kg per ha, respectively.<br />
Progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>Phase</strong> 1<br />
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