Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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Testing seed marketing strategies A major marketing strategy tested includes the sale of small pack groundnut seed. This scheme was largely successful. More than 10,000 small pack seed was sold. Farmers revealed their preference for pack sizes of 0.5 kg to 1 kg and seeds that are treated. However, major differences in sales/profitability were found on the positioning of selling points, the level of knowledge of agro-dealers and small-scale retailers on marketing and business skills and agro-ecological zones. Sales were lower in drier areas compared to less drier ones. A report is available in the case of the Dosso region in Niger. Training in seed production, marketing and management skills More than 1000 farmers and extension agents were trained on seed production techniques per year. And more than 55 retailers/local seed producers from Mali and Niger were trained in small-scale seed marketing and business skills with the technical backstopping from WASA-SEEDS. It is not clear however, how many of these farmers trained are actually practicing what they have learned. This should be explored during the second phase of the project During the next phase of the project, it is not clear how useful the training in seed production techniques would be; training in seed marketing and business skills should be largely emphasized. Academic training During the implementation of the project, Mr Diarra Mahamadou registered and obtained his MSc degree from the University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. His thesis topic focused on the “Adoption of improved varieties in project sites in Mali”. Information themes/programs developed and disseminated Supply and access to information by smallholder farmers remain a major constraint to adoption of technologies in West Africa. Baseline studies revealed that many smallholders are not aware of new technologies and among these, varieties. Even when they are aware, they do have information on the modern varieties and/or seed supply sources. In an attempt to reduce the information constraints, the TLII project has contracted with rural radios in the interventions sites to offer information on technologies and innovations to smallholder farmers. Thus, four radio program son crop management and seed production were developed by the RADIO Faraa in Gaya district and Radio Rounkououm in the Doutchi district of Niger. In addition to information on crop management and seed production, during the small pack sales between April and June each of year, information on improved varieties were offered to smallholder farmers. Supply of information has surely impacted on sales and access to seed by farmers in and around the project sites. This needs to be further explored in the second phase. 80 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Enhancing Cowpea Productivity and Production in Drought-Prone Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa Christian Fatokun (IITA-Nigeria); Ousmane Boukar; Alpha Kamara; Ousmane Coulibaly; Arega Alene (IITA-Malawi); Steven Boahen (IITA-Mozambique); R. Bandyopadhyay (IITA-Nigeria); L. Kumar (IITA- Nigeria); Z. Kouyate (IER); L. Omoigui (UAM); S. Gimba (KADP); Umar Garba (KNARDA); S. Dioffo (SNV); Robert Abaidoo (IITA-Nigeria); Satoru Muranaka (IITA-Nigeria); Mamadou Touré (IER-Mali); Moutari Adamou (INRAN-Niger); Mohammad Ishiyaku (IAR-Nigeria); Joseph Mligo (ARI-Tanzania); Manuel Amane (IIAM, Mozambique) Socio-Economics/Targeting Summary Efforts aimed at raising the productivity and incomes of smallholder farmers should involve developing technologies that address key production constraints and have the traits that are highly preferred by various end users. A growing volume of empirical work has demonstrated that farmers are unlikely to adopt new varieties and other technologies that do not meet their own criteria. While other institutional and policy factors may hinder the uptake of otherwise profitable crop varieties, addressing the needs and priorities of smallholder farmers and other actors along the value chain is the necessary condition for greater technology uptake and impacts. Better technology targeting thus helps investors achieve greater rates of return on their investments. The cowpea component of Objective 1 thus aims to facilitate the proper targeting of cowpea breeding activities with a view to maximizing adoption and poverty impacts of the resulting technologies. Targeting activities largely involve baseline data collection and analysis (household and market level), trait preference assessment, seed systems and monitoring of technology uptake processes to better inform breeding and seed dissemination efforts. The baseline studies include characterization of production systems using household surveys, situation and outlooks for cowpea using aggregate production and trade data, and identification of priority traits for farmer groups and markets using PVS. Adoption surveys to monitor uptake and impact should be undertaken following significant multiplication and distribution of improved seeds of released varieties. Cowpea facts, trends and outlook Globally, an estimated 6.5 million MT of cowpea is produced annually on about 14.5 million hectares. Africa accounts for about 83% of the global cowpea production, with over 80% of Africa’s share produced in West Africa. With an estimated 45% share of the global cowpea production and over 55% of the production in Africa, Nigeria is the world’s largest producer (and consumer) of cowpea, followed by Niger (15%), Brazil (12%), and Burkina Faso (5%). During the past three decades, cowpea production grew at an average rate of 5% annually. With 3.5% annual growth in area and 1.5% growth in yields, area expansion accounted for 70% of the growth in global cowpea production over the last three decades. Globally, the share of cowpea in total area under pulses grew from less than 10% in 1990 to nearly 20% in 2007. In West Africa, cowpea occupies over 85% of the area under pulses and 10% of the total cultivated land. Progress of Phase 1 81
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Seed production and delivery system
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
Page 64 and 65: 54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67: The European Union still remains th
Page 68 and 69: Table 4-2: Proportion of households
Page 70 and 71: Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
Page 72 and 73: Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
Page 74 and 75: The use of other inputs (credit, in
Page 76 and 77: A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79: Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81: Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
Page 82 and 83: 99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
Page 84 and 85: Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
Page 86 and 87: A 10-day intensive training worksho
Page 88 and 89: Seed production of all classes A to
Page 92 and 93: Area Global trends in area under co
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
Page 96 and 97: much greater deficits. Under this s
Page 98 and 99: and other inputs. • Popular varie
Page 100 and 101: Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
Page 102 and 103: dry savanna regions, where the bulk
Page 104 and 105: Number of demonstration plots in ea
Page 106 and 107: Mozambique Many farmers have shown
Page 108 and 109: Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
Page 110 and 111: most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
Page 112 and 113: Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
Page 114 and 115: Strengthening capacity of national
Page 116 and 117: Infrastructure development at NARS
Page 118 and 119: in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
Page 120 and 121: produced over the first phase of th
Page 122 and 123: Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
Page 124 and 125: Phase I Social Sciences research in
Page 126 and 127: The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129: about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133: single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135: In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137: Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139: Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Supply of important traits by the i
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and marketing organization in Malaw
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Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
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Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
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At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
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Number of NARS scientists trained T
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Improved access to markets Improved
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Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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