Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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Seed Production and Delivery Systems............................................................................................................................................. 77 Constraints to groundnut seed supply and delivery systems identified.............................................................................................. 77 Seed production of all classes............................................................................................................................................................ 78 Strategies to enhance seed production and delivery schemes.......................................................................................................... 79 Enhancing Cowpea Productivity and Production in Drought-Prone Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa............81 Socio-Economics/Targeting................................................................................................................................................................ 81 Summary 81 Cowpea facts, trends and outlook ..................................................................................................................................................... 81 Baseline studies................................................................................................................................................................................. 86 Major results from baseline surveys: seed supply systems and demand constraints in target countries ......................................... 88 Early adoption studies in Nigeria ....................................................................................................................................................... 90 Human capacity building ................................................................................................................................................................... 90 Challenges and vision........................................................................................................................................................................ 91 Breeding .................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 Activities .................................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Cowpea varieties released ................................................................................................................................................................ 94 Seed multiplication............................................................................................................................................................................. 97 Evaluation for phosphorus-use efficiency .......................................................................................................................................... 99 Screening of germplasm lines for drought tolerance ....................................................................................................................... 100 Making crosses and developing segregating populations ............................................................................................................... 100 Screening for resistance to aphids .................................................................................................................................................. 101 Validation of molecular markers ...................................................................................................................................................... 101 Strengthening capacity of national agricultural research systems scientists ................................................................................... 104 Workshops .................................................................................................................................................................................. 104 Infrastructure development at NARS ............................................................................................................................................... 106 Recommendations for adoption of improved technologies.............................................................................................................. 106 Lessons learned .............................................................................................................................................................................. 107 Seed Production and Delivery Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 107 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 107 Improving cowpea seed systems..................................................................................................................................................... 108 Progress in on-farm demonstrations ................................................................................................................................................110 Progress in midseason evaluation and farmer field-days .................................................................................................................111 Progress in seed dissemination .......................................................................................................................................................111 Progress in market linkages .............................................................................................................................................................111 Lessons learned ...............................................................................................................................................................................112 Enhancing Common Bean Productivity and Production in Sub-Saharan Africa...................................... 113 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................113 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................113 Socio-economic/Targeting.................................................................................................................................................................114 Production and productivity trends....................................................................................................................................................114 Common bean production constraints...............................................................................................................................................114 Seed Production and Delivery Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 121 Approaches tested........................................................................................................................................................................... 122 Results .................................................................................................................................................................................. 122 Select monitoring and evaluation issues.......................................................................................................................................... 125 Summary, process gains and people reached................................................................................................................................. 126 Lessons learned............................................................................................................................................................................... 127 Fast-Tracking and Technology Generation....................................................................................................................................... 128 Elite materials shared with the NARS programs.............................................................................................................................. 128 PVS trials and lines in the pipeline .................................................................................................................................................. 129 Number of segregating materials generated.................................................................................................................................... 137 Technology generation..................................................................................................................................................................... 138 Human capacity building ................................................................................................................................................................. 143 Infrastructural capacity building ....................................................................................................................................................... 147 Development of information tools: videos and training manuals...................................................................................................... 148 Vision .................................................................................................................................................................................. 148 Seed Production and Delivery Systems........................................................................................................................................... 149 Annexes .................................................................................................................................................................................. 151 Chickpea Improvement in India: Baseline, Breeding and Seed Systems...............................................155 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 155 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 156 Intended targets to be achieved and major activities....................................................................................................................... 157 Locations and partners..................................................................................................................................................................... 158 IV Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Socio-Economics/Targeting.............................................................................................................................................................. 159 Situation and outlook........................................................................................................................................................................ 159 Baseline survey and adoption studies.............................................................................................................................................. 159 Fast-Tracking, Development, and Release of Varieties .................................................................................................................. 167 Development of varieties.................................................................................................................................................................. 167 Identification of farmer-and-market preferred varieties ................................................................................................................... 168 Varieties release............................................................................................................................................................................... 168 Seed Production and Delivery Systems........................................................................................................................................... 169 Breeder seed and other classes of seed produced by research partners........................................................................................ 169 Foundation and Certified Seed produced by public seed corporations............................................................................................ 170 Seed samples distributed to farmers................................................................................................................................................ 171 Capacity building.............................................................................................................................................................................. 172 Key lessons learned......................................................................................................................................................................... 175 Enhancing Chickpea Productivity and Production in Eastern and Southern Africa.................................177 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 177 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 178 Locations and partners .................................................................................................................................................................... 179 Socio-Economics/Targeting.............................................................................................................................................................. 179 Cropping pattern............................................................................................................................................................................... 179 Crop yields .................................................................................................................................................................................. 179 Use of manure and fertilizers........................................................................................................................................................... 179 Chickpea seed access..................................................................................................................................................................... 180 Use of purchased seed and other inputs.......................................................................................................................................... 180 Chickpea utilization.......................................................................................................................................................................... 180 Crop-livestock interactions............................................................................................................................................................... 180 Preferred traits for chickpea............................................................................................................................................................. 180 Production pattern and productivity.................................................................................................................................................. 180 Net-return of chickpea...................................................................................................................................................................... 181 Constraints to chickpea production and marketing in Ethiopia......................................................................................................... 181 Post-harvest handling and consumption.......................................................................................................................................... 181 Chickpea marketing.......................................................................................................................................................................... 181 Chickpea price trend in Ethiopia....................................................................................................................................................... 181 Gender aspect of chickpea production and marketing..................................................................................................................... 182 Sources of information, chickpea variety preference and adoption.................................................................................................. 182 Fast-Tracking, Development, and Release of Varieties .................................................................................................................. 182 Variety development......................................................................................................................................................................... 182 Variety release .................................................................................................................................................................................. 183 Identification of farmer- and market-preferred chickpea varieties.................................................................................................... 183 Seed Production and Delivery Systems........................................................................................................................................... 184 Seed production delivery strategies................................................................................................................................................. 185 Capacity Building.............................................................................................................................................................................. 186 Training of farmers........................................................................................................................................................................... 186 Field days, farmers’ fairs.................................................................................................................................................................. 186 Awareness activities ........................................................................................................................................................................ 186 Training of extension personnel....................................................................................................................................................... 186 Training of scientists and research technicians................................................................................................................................ 187 Development of infrastructure facilities............................................................................................................................................ 187 Degree students............................................................................................................................................................................... 188 Lessons learned............................................................................................................................................................................... 188 Country-specific................................................................................................................................................................................ 189 Vision for second phase................................................................................................................................................................... 189 Pigeonpea Breeding and Seed Systems in India....................................................................................191 Breeding .................................................................................................................................................................................. 191 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 191 PVS trials .................................................................................................................................................................................. 191 Mother trials .................................................................................................................................................................................. 191 Baby trials .................................................................................................................................................................................. 193 Screening breeding lines against drought........................................................................................................................................ 193 Seed Production and Delivery Systems........................................................................................................................................... 193 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................................. 193 Performance of pigeonpea hybrids.................................................................................................................................................. 197 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 197 Progress of Phase 1 V
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 8 and 9: Seed production and delivery system
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 14 and 15: country governments in agricultural
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59:
Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61:
Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63:
Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
Page 66 and 67:
The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
Page 78 and 79:
Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
Page 80 and 81:
Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159:
Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
Page 166 and 167:
farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 178 and 179:
Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185:
Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189:
Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203:
Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Supply of important traits by the i
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and marketing organization in Malaw
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Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
Page 246 and 247:
Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249:
Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
Page 250 and 251:
At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
Page 252 and 253:
Number of NARS scientists trained T
Page 254 and 255:
Improved access to markets Improved
Page 256 and 257:
Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
Page 258 and 259:
utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 260 and 261:
Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
Page 262:
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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