Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat
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Table 4-2: Proportion <strong>of</strong> households net-sellers, net-buyers and in autarky <strong>of</strong> agricultural products<br />
Country /<br />
Product<br />
Non-program sites Program sites Total<br />
Net-buyer Net-seller Net-buyer Net-seller Net-buyer Net-seller<br />
Mali<br />
Cowpea 0.00 10.91 0.00 7.14 0.00 8.38<br />
Fonio 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.60<br />
Groundnut 5.45 43.64 10.71 46.43 8.98 45.51<br />
Legume haulm 1.82 3.64 0.00 0.00 0.60 1.20<br />
Maize 3.64 7.27 9.82 6.25 7.78 6.59<br />
Pearl millet 0.00 1.82 6.25 3.57 4.19 2.99<br />
Rice 29.09 3.64 30.36 0.89 29.94 1.80<br />
Sorghum 34.55 14.55 42.86 6.25 40.12 8.98<br />
Niger<br />
Cassava 4.03 0.67 7.14 0.95 5.85 0.84<br />
Cowpea 2.01 32.21 6.19 18.10 4.46 23.96<br />
Groundnut 1.34 71.81 0.00 84.76 0.56 79.39<br />
Legume haulm 0.67 6.04 2.86 5.24 1.95 5.57<br />
Maize 32.89 0.67 43.81 0.95 39.28 0.84<br />
Pearl millet 50.34 7.38 35.71 6.67 41.78 6.96<br />
Rice 2.68 0.00 2.86 0.00 2.79 0.00<br />
Sorghum 14.77 2.01 5.24 0.48 9.19 1.11<br />
Nigeria<br />
Cowpea 30.00 2.00 34.27 10.11 32.73 7.19<br />
Groundnut 60.00 0.00 78.09 5.06 71.58 3.24<br />
Maize 2.00 22.00 21.35 14.61 14.39 17.27<br />
Pearl millet 15.00 10.00 30.90 6.18 25.18 7.55<br />
Rice 4.00 4.00 11.80 20.22 8.99 14.39<br />
Sesame 10.00 1.00 17.42 1.12 14.75 1.08<br />
Sorghum 12.00 4.00 33.15 11.80 25.54 8.99<br />
Sorrel 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.35 0.00<br />
Soybean 2.00 1.00 7.30 2.25 5.40 1.80<br />
Modern groundnut variety uptake in surveyed sites is estimated to be less than 5% except in the Dosso<br />
region in Niger, where this is estimated at 14% <strong>of</strong> groundnut area planted. Survey results showed that<br />
about 40% <strong>of</strong> groundnut area is planted with the variety 47-10 in Mali. In Niger 47% <strong>of</strong> area is planted<br />
with the variety 55-437 and in Nigeria the variety ex-Dakar i.e. 55-437 is planted on 41% <strong>of</strong> groundnut<br />
area. These are ruling varieties introduced at colonial times in the 1950s.<br />
The area covered by modern varieties bred or adapted less than 30 years ago is small. In Mali, modern<br />
groundnut varieties (ICGV 86124, JL 24, ICGV 86015, ICG (FDRS)4 and ICG(FDRS) 10 and Fleur<br />
11) Waliyartiga, introduced during the Groundnut Germplasm <strong>Project</strong> (GGP) in 1996 and promoted<br />
during the Groundnut Seed <strong>Project</strong> have not yet being largely taken up by farmers and are planted on<br />
about 3% <strong>of</strong> groundnut area. In Niger, in the Dosso region, several varieties were introduced during<br />
the GGP project and promoted during the GSP project including TS 32-1, RRB, etc have been adopted<br />
with 14% <strong>of</strong> area planted mostly with RRB.<br />
In Nigeria, similar trends are observed. Improved varieties bred, adapted and introduced (SAMNUT 21,<br />
SAMNUT 22 and SAMNUT 23) during the last 30 years are adopted in less than 6% <strong>of</strong> groundnut area.<br />
No significant differences were found between program and non-program sites. The major constraints<br />
to using improved varieties have been reported by farmers to be the non-availability <strong>of</strong> seed <strong>for</strong> 83%<br />
in Mali, 60% in Niger and 56% in Nigeria. Lack <strong>of</strong> cash was cited as a major constraint in Niger and<br />
Nigeria. Low grain and haulm yields, lack <strong>of</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mation on crop management, fitness in association,<br />
and undesirable color were also cited as the major constraints in Nigeria (Table 4-3).<br />
58<br />
Engaging Smallholder Farmers | <strong>Tropical</strong> <strong>Legumes</strong> <strong>II</strong> <strong>Project</strong>