Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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country governments in agricultural research for development. The table reveals high variability among regions and countries on the various parameters measured – i.e. issues are region-specific or countryspecific. Other studies show that variability exists even within countries. Here are the major conclusions from the baseline and situation analysis studies: • Rural smallholder households are dominated by aging populations (avg. 48 years) and low levels of education (< 4 years of schooling); • Research systems in the SSA region are also faced with aging population, with the average age of researchers more than 50 years; • Grain legumes account for less than 20% of total cultivated area in the majority of target countries (exceptions are: Niger, Malawi, and Kenya); • Use of improved, modern varieties was generally low across target countries during the baseline studies; unavailability of improved seed and, in some cases, lack of access to credit have been identified as major bottlenecks for improved variety adoption; • More than 70% of farmers use their own saved seed across target countries; the only exception is Kenya, where own saved seed accounted for just over 34%; • Depending on the country, farmer-to-farmer exchange and government extension are two major sources of information on agricultural technologies for farmers; • The radio would be the most appropriate means of disseminating information on agricultural technologies in Africa whereas television would be appropriate for India; • The current investment in AR4D falls short of the recommended 1.0-1.5% intensity ratio (i.e. investment as percentage of AgDP). Fast-Tracking and Variety Release Screening for desirable traits (grain yield, tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors) has progressed according to the set milestones, or better. Large numbers of lines have been provided to NARS programs. NARS scientists also made crosses and carried out their screening process according to their needs and priorities. Each of the crop objectives has carried out a large number of PVS trials in the target countries using released varieties or pre-released advanced lines, in comparison with one or more local check(s), over the three to four seasons between 2007/08 and 2010/11. A total of 80 varieties have been released during this period (Table 1-2). The countries (and number of varieties released) were Mali (4), Niger (8), Nigeria (7), Ethiopia (8), Kenya (13), Malawi (3), Mozambique (18), Tanzania (9), and India (10). In terms of crops these were chickpea (12), common bean (6), cowpea (14), groundnut (22), pigeonpea (9), and soybean (17). All of these are farmer- and market-preferred varieties that have been identified through the PVS trials in respective countries. Their yield advantages over the checks ranged from 5% to 300%. The range (and average) for each of the crops were: 5-54% (30%) for chickpea; 110-115% (113%) for common bean, 56-300% (124%) for cowpea; 27-78% (47%) for groundnut; 27-59% (38%) for pigeonpea; and 5-38% (17%) for soybean, as presented in Table 1-2. Some of the varieties with the same pedigree have been released in more than one country. These included chickpea varieties ICCV 00305, ICCV 00108, and ICCV 97105 released both in Kenya and Tanzania; the cowpea variety IT97k-499-35 released in Mali, Niger and Nigeria; and the soybean variety TGx 1740-2F released in Kenya and Malawi (Table 1-2). 4 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Table 1-2: Tropical legume varieties released under TL II during its first phase (Sept 2007 – Feb 2011) Variety code (local name) Year Country On-farm yield (Kg per Ha) Chickpea Yield advantage over check (%) ICV 03107 (Minjar) δ 2010 Ethiopia 1700 43 ACOS Dube λ 2011 Ethiopia 1800 Superior seed BGD 103 δ 2008 India 1800 13 MNK-1 λ 2010 India 1600 15 ICCV 00108 δ 2009 Kenya 2030 18 ICCV 00305 λ 2009 Kenya 1800 5 ICCV97105 δ 2010 Kenya 2400 40 ICCV95423λ 2010 Kenya 2250 31 ICCV 92318 (Mwanza) λ 2011 Tanzania 1192 19 ICCV 00108 (Mwanza 1) δ 2011 Tanzania 1432 43 ICCV 00305 (Mwanza 2) λ 2011 Tanzania 1536 54 ICCV 97105 (Ukiriguru 1) δ 2011 Tanzania 1456 46 Common bean SUG-131 (Deme) 2008 Ethiopia 2200 116 A19 x OMNAZCr-02-11 (Batu) 2008 Ethiopia 2070 110 SNNRP-120 (Hawassa Deme) 2008 Ethiopia 2500 NA GLP-2 2011 Ethiopia 2770 116 ECAB-0056 2011 Ethiopia 2617 110 CAW-02-04-11-4-1 (SARI-1) 2011 Ethiopia 2500 NA Cowpea CZ1-94-23-1 (Gana Shoba) 2009 Mali 1500 65 CZ11-94-5C (Cinzana Tilimani) 2009 Mali 1000 60 IT97K-499-35 (Jiguiya) 2010 Mali 1000 70 IT93K-876-330 (Fakson) 2010 Mali 1500 80 IT97K-499-35 (IT) 2009 Niger 800 300 IT97K-499-36 (IT) 2009 Niger 700 200 IT98K-205-8 (IT) 2009 Niger 800 300 IT98K-573-11 (IT) 2010 Niger 500 100 IT97K-499-35 (SAMPEA-10) 2008 Nigeria 835 60 IT89KD-288 (SAMPEA-11) 2009 Nigeria 800 56 IT89KD-391 (SAMPEA-12) 2009 Nigeria 900 71 IT82E-16 (IT-16) 2011 Mozambique 650 100 IT00K-1263 (IT-1263) 2011 Mozambique 800 150 IT97K-1069-6 (IT-1069) 2011 Mozambique 800 150 Groundnut R-2001-3 Ψ 2008 India 3819 77 Dh 4-3 Ψ 2008 India 2125 59 ICGV 91114 Ψ 2009 India 1500 46 Chintamani 2 Ψ 2009 India 1661 27 ICGV 87846 β 2010 India 1536 55 R-2001-2 Ψ 2010 India 1842 56 Progress of Phase 1 5
Page 1 and 2: Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
Page 3: TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
Page 6 and 7: Seed Production and Delivery System
Page 8 and 9: Seed production and delivery system
Page 10 and 11: NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
Page 12 and 13: TL II was implemented in 10 target
Page 16 and 17: Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
Page 20 and 21: As stated earlier in this chapter,
Page 22 and 23: Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
Page 24 and 25: Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
Page 26 and 27: Project background Groundnut is one
Page 28 and 29: Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
Page 30 and 31: Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
Page 32 and 33: Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
Page 34 and 35: Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
Page 36 and 37: Infrastructure facilities For effic
Page 38 and 39: Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
Page 40 and 41: In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
Page 42 and 43: Training course A total of four tra
Page 44 and 45: Background The yield of groundnut i
Page 46 and 47: Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
Page 48 and 49: In order of importance, the largest
Page 50 and 51: Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
Page 52 and 53: Finally, the variety choices are co
Page 54 and 55: hybridization techniques, design of
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
Page 58 and 59: Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
Page 60 and 61: Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
Page 62 and 63: Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
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Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
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Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
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TL II focuses on farmer-participato
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Production of Breeder, Foundation,
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Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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(Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
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Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
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Available technologies Although imp
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and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
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Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
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Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Supply of important traits by the i
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and marketing organization in Malaw
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Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Page 244 and 245:
Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
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Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
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At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
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Number of NARS scientists trained T
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Improved access to markets Improved
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Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 260 and 261:
Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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