Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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Identification of farmer-and-market preferred varieties The current status of adoption of improved varieties and traits preferred by the farmers were assessed during a regional work planning meeting organized at ICRISAT-Patancheru at the beginning of the project. Taking into account farmer and market preferred traits, eight improved varieties/breeding lines (4 desi + 4 kabuli) were selected for PVS trials (Table 7-4) at each of the four project locations (Kurnool and Prakasam districts in Andhra Pradesh and Dharwad and Gulbarga districts in Karnataka). Twenty mother trials and 217 baby trials were conducted in 23 villages (5 to 8 villages in each district) during 2007-08 to expose farmers to improved varieties and allow them to select varieties of their preference. The crop in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh was destroyed in the first year by heavy rains at maturity, so PVS trials were repeated in the second year (2008-09). A total of 1,181 farmers (1,052 men + 129 women) were involved in ranking of varieties in PVS trials. The desi chickpea varieties JG 11 and JAKI 9218 were preferred in all four districts. In addition to these, desi chickpea cultivar JG 130 was preferred in both the districts of Andhra Pradesh, while desi chickpea cultivar BGD 103 and kabuli variety MNK 1 was preferred in both the districts of Karnataka. Farmers in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh also preferred kabuli chickpea cultivar KAK 2. The traits for which these varieties were preferred included, profuse podding, high productivity, early maturity, resistance to fusarium wilt, and market-preferred seed traits (e.g. medium seed size in desi type and large seed size in kabuli type). Table 7-4: Varieties used in PVS trials and varieties preferred by the farmers State Varieties used in PVS trials Varieties preferred by farmers Andhra Pradesh Desi: ICCC 37, JG 11, JG 130, JAKI 9218, Annigeri (local check) Kabuli: Vihar, LBeG7, JGK 2, ICCV 95334, KAK 2 Karnataka Desi: BGD 103, JG 11, JG 130, JAKI 9218, Annigeri (local check) Kabuli:Vihar, BG 1105, MNK 1, ICCV 95334, KAK 2 Desi: JG 11, JAKI 9218, JG 130, Kabuli: KAK 2 (in Prakasam district) Desi:JG 11, JAKI 9218, BGD 103, Kabuli: MNK 1 Varieties release All varieties included in the PVS trials were released varieties, except BGD 102 (desi) and MNK 1 (kabuli) which were elite lines at pre-release stage. The results of PVS trials strengthened release proposals of these varieties. The variety BGD 103 was released and notified for cultivation in Karnataka state of India during 2009. This is a large-seeded variety with early maturity (escapes terminal drought), high resistance to fusarium wilt and high yield potential. The variety MNK 1 is a large seeded (52 g/100-seed) kabuli variety. It was released by the Central Variety Release Committee for South Zone of India, which includes Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Orissa. 168 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Seed Production and Delivery Systems The Objective 8.5 (Seed Systems for SA) aims at improving seed production and delivery system for legumes. The economics of legumes seed production is not attractive enough for organized private seed sector due to their large seed size resulting in high volume and consequently high costs in transportation and storage. On the other hand, public seed sector is not able to produce the required quantities of seed. Although many state governments arrange to supply seed to farmers at a subsidized cost (often this subsidized seed is not delivered to farmers in time), the quantity made available is limited and the quality and varietal integrity is often questionable. Therefore, farmers have to often reach local traders (who care little for varietal integrity and quality) and co-farmers for their seed requirement. This project established efficient linkages for the efficient seed production and marketing of legumes in the project sites. The Seed Systems objective (Objective 8) was instrumental in catalyzing the scaling up of Foundation and Certified seeds, seed delivery testing models, and raising farmer awareness. Breeder seed and other classes of seed produced by research partners Excellent progress was made in chickpea seed production and distribution by the project partners in the target states (Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka). The research partners were mainly engaged in production of Breeder seed (BS), but also produced limited quantities of certified seed (CS) and truthfully-labeled seed (TLS). They together produced over 2,000 MT seed, which included 1,207 MT BS, 205 MT CS and 681 MT TLS (Tables7-5 to 7-7). The seed was produced both at the research stations and the farmers’ fields under their direct supervision. The share of JG 11 was 84% in BS and 71% in CS and TLS (Table 6&7) Table 7-5: Seed produced (in MT) by research partners in target regions State & District RARS- Nandyal Class 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total of seed Station Farmers’ fields Station Farmers’ fields Station Farmers’ fields Station Farmers’ fields BS 19.1 - 65.1 - - 203.0 - 43.0 330.2 CS - 60.0 - - - - - - 60.0 TLS 3.8 80.0 0.2 30.9 77.0 191.9 ARS-Darsi BS - - - 46.1 - 375.4 2.0 - 423.5 CS - - - - - - - - - TLS - - 30.0 - 62.7 92.7 UAS- Dharwad ARS- Gulbarga BS 2.5 4.4 4.0 0.4 1.0 65.3 - 77.6 CS - 3.2 - - - - - 42.0 45.2 TLS - - - - - 40.0 - 1.8 41.8 BS 4.6 - 2.0 327.8 8.0 - 8.5 - 350.9 CS - - - - - 100.0 - 100.0 TLS - 105.0 - - - 20.0 - 230.0 355.0 ICRISAT BS 4.6 - 7.8 - 12.1 - - - 24.5 CS - - - - - - - - - TLS - - - - - - - - - Total BS 30.8 0.0 79.3 377.9 20.5 579.4 75.8 43.0 1,206.7 CS 0.0 63.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 42.0 205.2 TLS 0.0 108.8 0.0 80.0 0.2 120.9 0.0 371.5 681.4 Grand Total 30.8 172.0 79.3 457.9 20.7 800.3 75.8 456.5 2,093.2 Progress of Phase 1 169
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Seed production and delivery system
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
Page 128 and 129: about half of area share of land al
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
Page 132 and 133: single lingering bottleneck on whic
Page 134 and 135: In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
Page 136 and 137: Summary, process gains and people r
Page 138 and 139: Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
Page 142 and 143: Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
Page 144 and 145: Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
Page 146 and 147: While the fast track entries were r
Page 148 and 149: Technology generation Mechanistic s
Page 150 and 151: 60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
Page 152 and 153: 16, and the advantage of some ALB l
Page 154 and 155: Number of degree training students
Page 156 and 157: Number of NARS technicians trained
Page 158 and 159: Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
Page 160 and 161: Impact assessment and enhancement P
Page 162 and 163: Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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Page 166 and 167: farmers for enhancing their awarene
Page 168 and 169: • Designing, testing and implemen
Page 170 and 171: Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
Page 172 and 173: Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
Page 174 and 175: Constraints in adoption of chickpea
Page 176 and 177: Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
Page 180 and 181: Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
Page 182 and 183: Capacity building Knowledge empower
Page 184 and 185: Table 7-15: Training of local seed
Page 186 and 187: • In addition to yield, maturity
Page 188 and 189: Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
Page 190 and 191: Chickpea seed access The first majo
Page 192 and 193: Grades and standards About 75% of t
Page 194 and 195: Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
Page 196 and 197: private sector lacks the incentive
Page 198 and 199: • LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
Page 200 and 201: • Establishing functional legume
Page 202 and 203: Table 9-1: Farmers’ preferred var
Page 204 and 205: Table 9-3: Baby trials conducted in
Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
Page 214 and 215: (Table 9-9 Continued) Particular To
Page 216 and 217: Chichewa) and Tanzania (Swahili). O
Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
Page 220 and 221: and Chitedze in Malawi showed that
Page 222 and 223: Table 10-6: Various classes of qual
Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
Page 226 and 227: Annex 10-1: Target locations for pi
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Adoption studies Adoption studies f
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3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
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Supply of important traits by the i
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and marketing organization in Malaw
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Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
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Table 11-9: Communities and famers
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Table 11-14 Average performance of
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232 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
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Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
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Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
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At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
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Number of NARS scientists trained T
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Improved access to markets Improved
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Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
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utilization and marketing. In Niger
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Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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252 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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