Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

Table 4-3: Constraints to adoption of modern varieties in Mali, Niger and Nigeria (2007/08)
Constraint Mali Niger Nigeria
MV (6) LV (91) MV (5) LV (166) MV (18) LV (131)
Non-availability of seed 83.33 27.47 60.00 57.83 55.56 30.53
Lack of money 0.00 6.59 20.00 4.82 5.56 6.11
Low yield 0.00 10.99 0.00 9.04 11.11 25.95
Low market value 0.00 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.11
Not good in association 0.00 1.10 0.00 0.00 5.56 2.29
Loss of variety due to drought 16.67 40.66 0.00 2.41 0.00 9.92
No information on management 0.00 2.20 0.00 0.00 5.56 3.82
Lack of labor 0.00 9.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Late maturity 0.00 13.19 0.00 4.22 0.00 9.92
Susceptible to disease 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.92
Consumed 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 4.58
Low haulm yield 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.56 6.87
Undesirable color 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.56 4.58
Susceptible to insects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82
Seeds too small 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82
Low content of oil 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.58
Other constraints 0.00 1.10 20.00 24.70 5.56 18.32
MV= Modern varieties, LV= Local varieties; values are percentages of response.
The use of other inputs (credit, inorganic and organic fertilizers) remains limited in surveyed areas.
Groundnut production requires a larger amount of inputs such as seed, fertilizers and labor compared
to cereal crops. Credit is required to access these required inputs. Survey results showed 46% of
households have access to formal and informal sources of credit against 43% in Niger and 9% in Nigeria.
The average contracted amount is about US$76 in Mali and $77 in Niger less than the amount needed
to purchase one bag of fertilizers or seed to be planted on a hectare of groundnut. In Nigeria, however,
this is estimated at US$500 (Table 4-4). The average interest rates on contracted loans are estimated
at 24% in Mali, 11% in Niger and 15% in Nigeria. Most households contract loans for consumption
purposes. However, in Mali, about 21% of the contracted amount is used for input purchase, about
30% in Niger and about 25% in Nigeria.
The use of inorganic fertilizers on groundnut fields is limited in Mali and Niger. In fact, fertilizers are
applied to about 2.26% of groundnut plots grown by households in Mali and 16% in Niger. In Nigeria,
inorganic fertilizers are used in about 61% of the groundnut plots. Likewise, the use of organic fertilizers
is also limited. In Mali, about 14% of groundnut plots received organic fertilizers, 18% in Niger and
41% in Nigeria. The use of hired labor is relatively high.
In Niger, farmers use hired labor in 26% of the groundnut plots, 43% in Niger and 67% in Nigeria.
Pesticides are widely used in the 3 countries but limited to seed treatment before planting. However,
the intensities of inputs used are very small. On average, farmers use less than US$20 /ha of inputs in
Mali, US$21 in Mali and US$123 in Nigeria.
Progress of Phase 1
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