Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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Number of NARS scientists trained Three staff in Malawi and one staff in Nigeria (all men) were trained how to emasculate and pollinate soybean Number of extension staff trained From 2007 to 2010 a total of 167 extension staff (including development agents and NGO workers) across the project countries were trained on soybean production, PVS, marketing, processing and utilization. Of these, 32 were women (Table 11-28). Table 11-28: Extension staff training on soybean production, PVS, marketing, processing and utilization in five countries (2007/08 – 2009/10) Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Total Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Malawi 12 3 12 14 3 38 Mozambique 17 44 12 23 29 67 Nigeria 30 0 30 Kenya 0 0 Tanzania 0 0 Total 17 56 3 12 12 67 32 135 Grand total: 167 Workshop on Rhizobium inoculum The Soybean Rhizobium Inoculum Workshop was held on 17-21 March 2008, at Impala Hotel, Arusha, Tanzania. The main output of the workshop was the production of a document entitled ‘Investment Options for Adoption of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) in Soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa’. This document has been submitted to B&MGF. This document led to the development of a bigger project that included several legumes under the title “Putting Nitrogen Fixation to Work for Smallhoder Farmers in Africa (N2Africa)”, which has started to be implemented since 2009. Vision for Phase 2 Our vision for the second phase in relation to objective 7 is to increase soybean production by 15% through increasing on-farm yields by 20% on 60% of the project target area. With respect to developing improved soybean lines, we aim to evaluate 15 new lines for their drought tolerance and biological nitrogen fixation, evaluate best Rhizobium strains in at least 20 best lines, evaluate at least 10 rust resistant lines multilocation and on-farm PVS; select new breeding lines for drought and rust tolerance from more than 30 segregating populations and establish homozygous lines for multilocation testing. We also have the vision to release at least two varieties and produce 10-30 kg breeder’s seed every year from each variety developed so far. In order to speed up our work, we will exchange soybean germpalsm and inoculants with N2Africa project. Because much of the soybean produced by farmers is for market, we will assess the protein and oil quality of existing and newly developed varieties and lines. In terms of capacity building, we envision to train at least 15,000 farmers in soybean processing and utilization, and establish at least four more soybean resource centers. We also aim to train five postgraduate students at MSc level in plant breeding and 1,000 farmers, extension staff and technicians in soybean production, PVS and soybean rust. 242 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | Tropical Legumes II Project
Seed Production and Delivery Systems Summary Soybean is among the major industrial and food crops grown on every continent. The crop can be successfully grown in many areas using low agricultural inputs. Soybean cultivation in Africa has expanded as a result of its nutritive and economic importance and diverse domestic usage. It is also a prime source of vegetable oil in the international market. Soybean has an average protein content of 40% and is more protein-rich than any of the common vegetable or animal food sources found in the world. Soybean seeds also contain about 20% oil on a dry matter basis, and this is 85% unsaturated and cholesterol-free. Generally, soybean is emerging as an important feed, food as well as raw material for producing high-quality protein products, which is currently grown on 1.5 million ha in Africa. In the last five years, soybean area has been increasing at an average of 5% per year whilst total production has been increasing at a rate of 7% per year in Africa. Such an increase has not been sufficient to satisfy the demand for soybean on the continent. Africa imports soybean grain and its products worth about one billion dollars every year. Hence, emphasis should be given to this crop to increase its productivity and production in Africa and narrow the gap between demand and supply. Soybean production is constrained by unavailability of improved varieties. A number of improved highyielding soybean varieties have been developed but these have not reached many farmers. The major impediments in soybean adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa are lack of awareness on processing and utilization, low yield, lack of market linkage with processors and consumers, weak policy support, lack of high quality seed, and low product prices. This project is making efforts to address these issues based on the experience of IITA in West Africa and that of TSBF-CIAT in western Kenya. It is believed that soybean production will increase as more farmers become aware of the potential of the crop through enhanced seed delivery systems. The activities in this project are focused on soybean value chain system to enhance the adoption and use of improved varieties by farmers. The project goal was to improve sustainability of soybean seed production and delivery systems that will reach the smallholder farmers in drought-prone areas of Sub-Saharan Africa through interventions designed to: • Facilitate Foundation Seed production; • Facilitate Certified Seed production; • Promote and strengthen seed/input marketing through linkages to private seed companies; • Create awareness to popularize improved stress-tolerant soybean varieties; and • Build capacity of stakeholders for implementation of the activities. Increased seed production By the completion of Phase 1, the project directly supported a total of 1,856 farmers which included both men and women that were involved in on-farm demonstrations to popularize improved soybean varieties in the participating countries. Field observations have shown widespread adoption of new varieties of soybean, a substantial increase in yields, as well as an increase in food security and reduction in poverty. Farmers have reported that problems relating to access to improved seed, low soil fertility and Striga infestation were being solved, but would require continued support to ensure such problems do not recur. Problems of input availability, especially fertilizer, although addressed still remain but require improved policies to address farmer concerns. Livelihoods have improved through better food security and nutrition, reduced poverty, and an increased ability to pay other costs. A strong gender dimension and special support to empower women involved a group of women groups, with special initiatives for soybean processing, value adding, household utilization and marketing to processors. Progress of Phase 1 243
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Tropical Legumes II Project TROPICA
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TROPICAL LEGUMES II Tropical Legume
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Seed Production and Delivery System
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Seed production and delivery system
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NARES NASFAM NASSPA NPT NSC NSO NSS
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TL II was implemented in 10 target
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country governments in agricultural
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Table 1-2: continued Variety code (
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Table 1-3: Seed production and deli
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As stated earlier in this chapter,
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Table 1-5: Graduate degree students
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Ndjeunga J, Ibro A, Cisse Y, Ben Ah
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Project background Groundnut is one
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Table 2-2: Performance of ICGV 0035
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Table 2-6: Performance of ICGV 9111
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Table 2-11: Results of 255 paired c
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Table 2-16: Groundnut seed of vario
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Infrastructure facilities For effic
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Project sites Tamil Nadu The presen
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In Karnataka, the PDKV model was pr
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Training course A total of four tra
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Background The yield of groundnut i
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Table 3-2: Groundnut production tre
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In order of importance, the largest
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Table 3-5: Results of pair-wise com
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Finally, the variety choices are co
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hybridization techniques, design of
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Figure 3-2: The Malawi model of the
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Tanzania TL II has contributed to t
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Annex 3-2: Performance of Virginia
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Annex 3-4: Regional elite groundnut
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54 Engaging Smallholder Farmers | T
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The European Union still remains th
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Table 4-2: Proportion of households
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Table 4-4: Amount requested, amount
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Table 4-6. Comparison of groundnut
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The use of other inputs (credit, in
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A PVS evaluation was launched in pi
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Table 4-10: Locations and contact f
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Table 4-11: Mean pod yield (kg per
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99511 (Table 4-12). Most important
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Table 4-15: Evaluation of groundnut
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A 10-day intensive training worksho
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Seed production of all classes A to
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Testing seed marketing strategies A
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Area Global trends in area under co
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Figure 5-3 shows that Nigeria made
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much greater deficits. Under this s
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and other inputs. • Popular varie
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Mozambique Soybean seed multiplicat
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dry savanna regions, where the bulk
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Number of demonstration plots in ea
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Mozambique Many farmers have shown
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Table 5-7: Number of days to flower
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most efficient and IT99K-7-21-2-2 w
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Table 5-11: Ten SNPs converted and
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Strengthening capacity of national
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Infrastructure development at NARS
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in Mali, 107.3 MT in Mozambique, an
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produced over the first phase of th
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Lessons learned TL II cowpea seed s
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Phase I Social Sciences research in
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The consequences are that the impro
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about half of area share of land al
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Figure 6-3: Average area (ha) per h
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single lingering bottleneck on whic
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In Kenya, the small seed pack appro
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Summary, process gains and people r
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Fast-Tracking and Technology Genera
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Figure 6-6: Distribution of PVS sit
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Table 6-12: Yields of fast track bu
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Table 6-15: Farmer evaluation of in
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While the fast track entries were r
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Technology generation Mechanistic s
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60 50 Rainfall Pan evaporation Maxi
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16, and the advantage of some ALB l
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Number of degree training students
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Number of NARS technicians trained
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Rain-out shelter in CIAT-Colombia T
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Impact assessment and enhancement P
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Annex 6-2: TL IIEthiopia: decentral
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154 Engaging Smallholder Farmers |
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farmers for enhancing their awarene
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• Designing, testing and implemen
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Andhra Pradesh The overall sample s
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Prakasam district: Crops grown in P
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Constraints in adoption of chickpea
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Cost-benefit analysis for chickpea
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Identification of farmer-and-market
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Table 7-6: Breeder Seed of differen
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Capacity building Knowledge empower
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Table 7-15: Training of local seed
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• In addition to yield, maturity
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Introduction Chickpea is grown in E
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Chickpea seed access The first majo
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Grades and standards About 75% of t
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Table 8-6: Varieties used in PVS tr
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private sector lacks the incentive
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• LZARDI-Ukiriguru: Land along wi
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• Establishing functional legume
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Page 206 and 207: Table 9-5: Reaction of pigeonpea li
Page 208 and 209: TL II focuses on farmer-participato
Page 210 and 211: Production of Breeder, Foundation,
Page 212 and 213: Mahaboobnagar and Ranga Reddy distr
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Page 218 and 219: Available technologies Although imp
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Page 224 and 225: Awareness activities Farmers’ fie
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Page 228 and 229: Adoption studies Adoption studies f
Page 230 and 231: 3.5 Yields (Tonnes/hectare) 3.0 2.5
Page 232 and 233: Supply of important traits by the i
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Page 236 and 237: Table 11-3: Grain and fodder yields
Page 238 and 239: Table 11-9: Communities and famers
Page 240 and 241: Table 11-14 Average performance of
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Page 244 and 245: Table 11-16: Soybean Breeder’s Se
Page 246 and 247: Table 11-19: Grain yield (kg per ha
Page 248 and 249: Table 11-23: F3 Segregating populat
Page 250 and 251: At TSBF-CIAT in Kenya, a study was
Page 254 and 255: Improved access to markets Improved
Page 256 and 257: Total 107.3 259.0 609.0 975.3 246 E
Page 258 and 259: utilization and marketing. In Niger
Page 260 and 261: Annex 11-2: Tobit Model estimate of
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Final version of Tropical Legumes II Project Report for Phase 1 - icrisat

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