Pesticide residues in food â 2007: Toxicological ... - ipcs inchem

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519 Lowest relevant inhalation NOAEC Genotoxicity Long-term studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity Target/critical effect Lowest relevant NOAEL Carcinogenicity Reproductive toxicity Reproduction target/critical effect Lowest relevant reproductive NOAEL Developmental target/critical effect Lowest relevant developmental NOAEL Neurotoxicity/delayed neurotoxicity Acute neurotoxicity Other toxicological studies Medical data No data (not required) Not genotoxic in vivo None 7000 ppm (1021mg/kg bw per day) in mice (highest dose tested) Not carcinogenic None 20 000 ppm (1047 mg/kg bw per day) in rats (highest dose tested) None 1000 mg/kg bw per day in rats and rabbits (highest dose tested) No indications of neurotoxicity in studies of acute toxicity or repeat-doses NOAEL was 2000 mg/kg bw in rats (highest dose tested) RH-141,452 Rapid excretion; essentially unmetabolized. Oral LD 50 in mice, > 5000 mg/kg bw Negative in an Ames test. RH-141,455 Rapid excretion; essentially unmetabolized. Oral LD 50 in mice, > 5000 mg/kg bw Negative in an Ames test Two reports (one case of irritation & one of flu-like symptoms) after exposure to a diluted formulation of mancozeb/zoxamide. Unlikely to be directly related to zoxamide. Summary Value Study Safety factor ADI 0–0.5 mg/kg bw Dog, 1-year study 100 ARfD Unnecessary — — References Bernacki, H.J. & Ferguson, J.S. (1996) RH-117,281 technical: acute inhalation toxicity study in rats. Unpublished report No. 95R-266 (ER Ref.. No. 2.2, US Ref. No. 95R-266) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Danberry, T.L. & Gillette, D.M. (1997) RH-117,281 technical: acute oral (gavage) neurotoxicity study in rats. Unpublished report No. 95R-182 (ER Ref. No. 10.1, US Ref. No. 95R-182) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ferguson, J.S. & Lutz, M.F. (1998) RH-117,281 technical: acute oral toxicity study in male and female mice. Unpublished report No. 98R-165 (ER Ref. No. 24.3, US Ref. No. 98R-165) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. ZOXAMIDE 487–522 JMPR 2007
520 Ferguson, J.S., Morrison, R.D. & Kemmerer, M.G. (1997) RH-117,281 technical: three-month dietary toxicity study in dogs. Unpublished report No. 96R-030 (ER Ref. No. 9.1, US Ref. No. 96R-030) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ferguson, J.S., Lutz, M.F. & Procopio, K.R. (1998a) RH-141,455: acute oral toxicity study in male and female mice. Unpublished report No. 98R-047 (ER Ref. No. 27.3, US Ref. No. 98R-047) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ferguson, J.S., Morrison, R.D. & Davidson, B.F. (1998b) RH-117,281 technical: one-year chronic dietary toxicity study in dogs. Unpublished report No. 95R-277 (ER Ref. No. 25.1, US Ref. No. 95R-277) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ferguson, J.S., Procopio, K.R. & Lutz, M.F. (1998c) RH-141,452: acute oral toxicity study in male and female mice. Unpublished report No. 98R-049 (ER Ref. No. 25.2, US Ref. No. 98R-049) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Frederick, C.B. & Swenson, R.E. (1998) 14C-RH-117,281 80WP AND 14C-RH-117,281 2F formulations: dermal absorption study in male rats. Unpublished report No. 97R-076 from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Giknis, M.L.A & Clifford, C.B (2001) Compilation of spontaneous neoplastic lesions and survival in Crl:CD(SD) BR rats from control groups. Unpublished report from Charles River Laboratories. http://www.criver.com/ flex_content_area/documents/rm_rm_r_lesions_survival_crlcd_sd_rats.pdf Gillette, D.M. & Brown, W.R. (1998) RH-117,281 technical: eighteen-month dietary oncogenicity study in mice. Photomicrographs. Unpublished report No. 96R-094A (ER Ref. No. 20.1, US Ref. No. 96R-094A) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Gingrich, S.L. & Parno, J.R. (1996a) RH-117,281 technical: acute oral toxicity study in male and female rats. Unpublished report No. 95R-268 (ER Ref. No. 1.3, US Ref. No. 95R-268) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Gingrich, S.L. & Parno, J.R. (1996b) RH-117,281 technical: acute dermal toxicity study in male and female rats. Unpublished report No. 95R-269 (ER Ref. No. 1.4, US Ref. No. 95R-269) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Gingrich, S.L. & Parno, J.R. (1996c) RH-117,281 technical: skin irritation study in rabbits. Unpublished report No. 95R-270 (ER Ref. No. 1.5, US Ref. No. 95R-270) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Gingrich, S.L. & Parno, J.R. (1996d) RH-117,281 technical: eye irritation study in rabbits. Unpublished report No. 95R-271 (ER Ref. No. 1.6, US Ref. No. 95R-271) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Glaza, S.M. (1997) Dermal sensitization study of RH-117,281 technical in guinea pigs - maximization test. Covance Laboratories Project No. 6228-112. Unpublished report No. 95RC-170 (ER Ref. No. 4.2, US Ref. No. 95RC-170) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Gudi, R. & Krsmanovic, L. (2003) Amended report for zoxamide: mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test with kinetochore analysis. Unpublished report No. 021122R, AA65WR.126.BTL from Bioreliance Laboratories, Rockville, Maryland. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ivett, J. (1998a) RH-117,281 technical: 24-month dietary chronic/oncogenicity study in rats. Covance project No. 417-505. Unpublished report No. 94RC-236 (ER Ref. No. 21.1, US Ref. No. 94RC-236) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Ivett, J. (1998b) RH-117,281 technical: 24-month dietary chronic/oncogenicity study in rats. Photomicrographs on selective tissues. Covance project No. 417-505. Unpublished report No. 94RC-236A (ER Ref. No. 21.1, US Ref. No. 94RC-236A) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Kane, W.W. & Shuey, D.L. (1995) RH-7281 technical: oral (gavage) developmental toxicity study in rats. Unpublished report No. 94R-079 (ER Ref. No. 6.1, US Ref. No. 94R-079) from Rohm and Haas Co. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. ZOXAMIDE 487–522 JMPR 2007
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Pesticide residues in food — 2007
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of part
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Dr Vicki L. Dellarco, Office of Pes
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Abbreviations used 3-MC ACTH ADI ai
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MRL MS MS/MS MTD NMR NOAEC NOAEL NO
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Introduction The toxicological mono
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AMINOPYRALID First draft prepared b
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5 higher renal excretion in the gro
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7 Table 4. Recovery of radioactivit
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9 Table 7. Pharmacokinetic paramete
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11 (c) Exposure by inhalation Five
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13 Table 9. Acute toxicity of amino
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15 The data from urine analysis rev
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17 18, monthly for palpable masses.
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19 Table 12. Body weights of rats f
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21 Table 15. Results of assays for
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23 in both groups, feed consumption
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25 neurotoxicity after 12 months. B
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27 The same five time-mated NZW rab
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29 Mortality was increased in all g
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31 Levels relevant to risk assessme
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33 References Brooks, K.J. (2001a)
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35 Consulting, The Dow Chemical Com
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ATRAZINE First draft prepared by Ru
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39 in the early 1990s; this reflect
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41 Maximum concentrations in the bl
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43 In a study on comparative metabo
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45 Table 1. Metabolism of atrazine
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47 Figure 2. Proposed metabolic pat
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49 to intact skin; and that no read
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51 the highest dose, and food consu
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53 mice (evaluated as roughly equiv
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55 Table 5. Incidence of mammary tu
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57 Table 6. Selected findings from
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59 was decreased when compared with
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61 Table 9. Selected findings of a
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63 proestrus at the expense of days
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65 Table 10. Selected studies of ge
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67 End-point Test object Concentrat
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69 Table 12. Relevant findings in a
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73 respectively) and in males at th
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77 All dams survived until the end
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79 250 and 500 ppm. Body-weight gai
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81 In an assay for reverse mutation
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83 on pubertal development in femal
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85 parameters (decreased pH, specif
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89 0, 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg bw per d
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91 The NOAEL was 25 ppm, equal to 1
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93 In a study on the effect of atra
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95 Delayed parturition was seen at
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97 observed in the pair-fed group.
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99 examined, offspring in the atraz
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101 antagonize E2-induced luciferas
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103 increase in steroidogenesis is
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105 The immune system of adult mice
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107 In a later review of cancer epi
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109 In a 25-day study in rabbits tr
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111 developmental toxicity were 10
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113 regulation in male offspring in
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115 (d) Diaminochlorotriazine (DACT
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117 Developmental target/critical e
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119 • The failure to ovulate resu
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121 The relationship between increa
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123 Table A2. Comparison of paramet
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125 Ballantine, L., Murphy, T. G. &
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127 Dunkelberg, H., Fuchs, J., Heng
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129 Heneweer, M., van den Berg, M.
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131 Lindsay, L.A., Wimbert, K.V., G
Page 148 and 149:
133 Morseth, S.L. (1996d) Chronic (
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135 Rudzki, M.W., Batastina, G., &
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137 Tennant, A.H., Peng, B. & Klige
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AZINPHOS-METHYL First draft prepare
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141 methylation and oxidation of me
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143 Table 1. Acute oral toxicity of
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145 Table 2. Cholinesterase activit
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147 at the highest dose. In both sp
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149 Table 6. Cholinesterase activit
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151 Table 8. Fertility of F 0 and F
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153 Table 10. Fertility parameters
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155 Groups of 22 mated Sprague-Dawl
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157 after completion of the feeding
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159 reduced motor activity in males
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161 sensitivity with that of labora
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163 measures to prevent worker expo
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165 when brain cholinesterase activ
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167 Critical end-points for setting
Page 184 and 185:
169 Eiben, R., Schmidt, W., & Loese
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171 Myhr, B.C. (1983) Evaluation of
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LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN First draft prep
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175 Figure 1. Chemical structures o
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177 In a comparative study, the abs
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179 Figure 2. Main pathways of biot
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181 (iv) Dermal sensitization In a
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183 observed in rats at the highest
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185 Mortality was not affected by t
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187 the group at 100 ppm, reduction
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189 and five females per group were
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191 10-12%) than those of controls
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193 Comments Biochemical aspects Or
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195 Toxicological evaluation Althou
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197 Metabolism in animals Toxicolog
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199 Harrison, M.P. (1984a) Cyhaloth
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DIFENOCONAZOLE First draft prepared
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203 a sex difference nor any marked
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205 demonstrated that the highest t
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207 Figure 3. Proposed metabolic pa
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209 of the study were unremarkable.
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211 Table 3. Results of studies of
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213 The no-observed-adverse-effect
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215 lower than those of rats in the
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217 hepatocellular enlargement. In
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219 i.e. males lost 15.4% and femal
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221 and 357. This reduced food cons
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223 There was very high mortality a
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225 Table 6. Treatment-related hist
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227 Rats Groups of 80 CRL:CD(SD)®
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229 Table 7. Histopathology finding
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231 D. Temporal association. The fe
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233 2.5 Reproductive toxicity (a) M
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235 t estes weights in the males at
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237 continued to be lower than thos
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239 Corpora lutea in each ovary wer
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241 S1 + S2, not ossified — —
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243 in the control group and in the
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245 physically examined for changes
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249 can occur in untreated mice, in
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251 Study of reproductive toxicity
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257 of the test article on microsom
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259 Ophthalmoscopic examinations pe
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261 the radioactivity was re-elimin
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263 In a single-dose study of neuro
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265 Estimate of acceptable daily in
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267 Clapp, M.J.L., Killick, M.E., H
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269 Herbold, B. (1983c) THS 2212 tr
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271 Pinto, P. (2006b) Difenoconazol
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DIMETHOMORPH First draft prepared b
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275 Five different treatment groups
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277 To investigate the significance
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279 and the E : Z isomer ratio was
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281 Table 10. Tissue distribution o
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283 (e) Dermal sensitization The de
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285 females at the highest dose, to
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287 The NOAEL was 10 mg/kg bw per d
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289 concentrations in females were
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291 health, moribundity and mortali
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293 0-9%, mean, 3.5%; only one out
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Table 26. Organ weights adjusted to
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297 cell hyperplasia. The testes tu
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299 unscheduled DNA synthesis, the
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301 Figure 3. Cumulative percentage
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303 Rabbits In a dose-range finding
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305 (b) Potentiation of hexobarbito
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307 0.2% or less of the administere
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309 eye-opening, pinna unfolding or
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311 Lowest relevant inhalation NOAE
Page 328 and 329:
313 Gardner, J.R. (1989) CME 151 te
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315 van de Waart, E.J. (1991b) Eval
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318 Committee on Pesticide residues
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320 (a) Ocular irritation Rabbits T
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322 weights were decreased in males
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324 toxicity was 5 mg/kg bw per day
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326 respectively; range for histori
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328 Table 4. Incidence of Leydig-ce
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330 and/or bilateral) was noted in
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332 No treatment-related signs of m
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334 Table 6. Incidence of selected
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336 or teratogenic potential at the
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338 and progesterone. The concentra
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340 the doses used in the 1-year st
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342 No neurotoxic effects were seen
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344 Lowest relevant reproductive NO
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346 Keller, D.A. (1992c) Oncogenici
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PROCYMIDONE First draft prepared by
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351 Rats Groups of five male and fe
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353 Table 1. Pharmacokinetic parame
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355 Seven doses C max (µg equivale
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357 Three groups of five male and f
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359 The excretion of radioactivity
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361 Figure 1. Proposed metabolic pa
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363 water consumption were determin
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365 finding. Histopathology reveale
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367 The NOAEL was 500 ppm, equivale
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369 The NOAEL was 100 mg/kg bw per
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371 at 2000 ppm. Histopathology rev
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373 b Each test was conducted in tr
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375 experimental period. Rats were
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377 hypospadias, testicular atrophy
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379 a single dose, which produced o
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381 The anti-androgenic activities
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383 but only at 6000 ppm after 13 w
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385 The results are summarized in T
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387 males (all litters) in the grou
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389 procymidone (18-27% of the admi
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391 Procymidone induced liver tumou
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393 The Meeting concluded that the
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395 Toxicologically significant com
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397 Harada, T. (1983) A review on m
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399 Murakami, M., Yoshitake, A. & H
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401 Tarui, H. (2005b) In vitro meta
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404 Explanation Profenofos is the I
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406 The metabolism of ring-labelled
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408 2. Toxicological studies 2.1 Ac
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410 Rabbits Groups of two male and
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412 Groups of five male and five fe
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414 control group and in the test g
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416 of the rabbits at the highest d
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418 The NOAEL for brain acetylcholi
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420 Table 2. Histopathological find
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422 1 out of 70; lowest dose, 3 out
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424 body‐weight gains (3-10% decr
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426 treated groups for body-weight
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428 (b) Short-term studies of neuro
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430 represented as equally as possi
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432 pound and the equitoxic mixture
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434 Inhibition of brain acetylcholi
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436 Toxicological evaluation Erythr
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438 Neurotoxicity/delayed neurotoxi
Page 455 and 456:
440 Harris, S.B. (1982) A teratolog
Page 457 and 458:
442 Puri, E. (1982a) Autoradiograph
Page 460 and 461:
PYRIMETHANIL First draft prepared b
Page 462 and 463:
447 Table 1. Excretion profile in r
Page 464 and 465:
449 Table 3. Half-life of pyrimetha
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451 Table 4. Identification of meta
Page 468 and 469:
453 SN 614 277. The presence of the
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455 2. Toxicological studies 2.1 Ac
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457 treated rabbits showed slight e
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459 still evident in the liver; how
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461 In a 90-day feeding study, grou
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463 per day or 800 mg/kg bw per day
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465 The dosing solutions were prepa
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467 mortality and morbidity. Change
Page 484 and 485: 469 2.4 Genotoxicity Pyrimethanil w
Page 486 and 487: 471 mean body‐weight gains. After
Page 488 and 489: 473 Analysis of dosing solutions in
Page 490 and 491: 475 In a 7-day feeding study, group
Page 492 and 493: 477 at 200 mg/kg bw. These clinical
Page 494 and 495: 479 s ystemic toxicity was 400 ppm
Page 496 and 497: 481 Acute toxicity Rat, LD 50 , ora
Page 498 and 499: 483 Grosshans, F. (2003) Pyrimethan
Page 500 and 501: 485 Markham, L.P. (1989d) Technical
Page 502 and 503: ZOXAMIDE First draft prepared by I.
Page 504 and 505: 489 The excretion of radioactivity
Page 506 and 507: 491 Table 3. Mean concentration of
Page 508 and 509: 493 Table 4. Distribution of metabo
Page 510 and 511: 495 were also found in the urine, a
Page 512 and 513: 497 owing to the absence of a dose-
Page 514 and 515: 499 The NOAEL was 30 000 ppm, equiv
Page 516 and 517: 501 Table 9. Haematological finding
Page 518 and 519: 503 Table 11. Body weight, food con
Page 520 and 521: 505 daily for signs of moribundity,
Page 522 and 523: 507 Table 14 Results of studies of
Page 524 and 525: 509 phase. The study was certified
Page 526 and 527: 511 Table 16. Spleen weights and hi
Page 528 and 529: 513 FOB/motor activity assessment,
Page 530 and 531: 515 Excretion was primarily in the
Page 532 and 533: 517 days 14 to 21. Increased relati
Page 536 and 537: 521 Morrison, R.D. & Gillette, D.M.
Page 538 and 539: ANNEX 1 Reports and other documents
Page 540 and 541: 525 31. Pesticide residues in food:
Page 542 and 543: 527 67. Pesticide residues in food
Page 544: 529 101. Pesticide residues in food
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